This is surely not a protection circuit against input nousenoise in any way. This would be crazy. If it would be meant for the protection of high common mode over voltages AC and DC such voltage should not reach the primary coil of the low voltage transformer at all as it would arc the windings inside the primary coil halves rather than crossing the insulation between primary and secondary coil. Such protection circuit should be applied to In+ and In- in order to keep the suggested kind of high energy noise away from the low signal transformer. And this 22µF capacitor is propably no high voltage bipolar type, is it? In my opinion this has smething to do with the circuit outside the shown detail as suggested by some other contributer here. For me it looks as if this R & C network centers and stabilizes some operational DC between In+ and In- from the circuit left of the shown schematic. Potentially the sourcing amps are powered by a non symmetric PSU where one amp is working in inverted and the other in non inverted mode and their outputs are decoupled from the transformer by line capacitors? In this case the shon R would set the center and the C would stabilize this center in order to not follow the signal.