ProfiBus-DP is just RS-485; electrically this is not a challenge. If you're going after PA it's a little trickier, as you might have some trouble sourcing onesie-twosie quantities, but I can't imagine an Arduino talking on the PA network anyway, so let's not worry about it.
I think your biggest challenge will be in finding or developing an protocol stack. I wrote a CIP (DeviceNet and Ethernet/IP) protocol stack for a project several years ago and that was quite a challenge. Designing to industrial specifications isn't easy. I swear that they develop the specifications in order to give consultants work. :-)
You can buy networking stacks from various suppliers, but they aren't cheap, and you will likely have to do a lot of porting (and thus compliance testing) work to get it to work on something like Arduino.
Good luck! It will be a challenging project!