All Questions
195,243
questions
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From FLA to MCA - NEC
I have a piece of equipment with an FLA (Full Load Amps) of X amperes, and it is a small circuit appliance. Is there a rule in NEC to calculate the MCA (Minimum Circuit Ampacity) based on the FLA.
MCA ...
- 151
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votes
1
answer
11
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Sizing an CMOS StrongArm Latch comparator on Virtuoso from scratch
I'm currently designing an CMOS comparator and I'm a little bit lost regarding sizing the transistors. I was taught to use the Id formula, but for that to work I need to have muCox, and I do not. Can'...
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0
answers
7
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Making ultrasonic transducer to penetrate plastics using a typical mist making products
What happens if I use a lower frequency with a typical mist making piezo ultrasonic transducers in the market (which are typically using 1.7 MHz)?
Actually I want to use it as an ultrasonic transducer ...
-2
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0
answers
14
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ADS8345 Missing Data on Zero Crossing
I have 3 axis accelerometer, analog circuitry for voltage level shift ( shift voltage to the 2.5Vref) and filtering, ADC ( TI ADS8345), level shifter ( downgrade the signal from 5V to 3V3), FPGA, DSP (...
- 95
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votes
2
answers
15
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PADS for land pattern coilcraft
How can you even make a footprint/ land pattern with this info. Is that land pattern the pads? Is that a wire going into the model, meaning my pad just needs to touch either side of the component? ...
- 13
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1
answer
11
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Using two varistors in series when there is no possibilty of using single component
I need to use Varistor to protect the circuitry from 6kV 1,2/50us impulse.
Varistor has to be between input + and - wires. The operational voltage between this two input pins can be up to 1050 V.
I ...
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0
answers
19
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Canon EOS 250D Continuous DC power
this is not a question- more of a sharing my findings, since there isn't much information on this available.
I wanted to power my Canon DSLR (EOS 250D) externally, but I was afraid to break it with ...
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answers
14
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Similar ADCs, Different Applications? (ADS122C04 vs ADS1220)
I'm looking at two different ADCs from TI, the ADS122C04 and the ADS1220. The first page overviews are nearly identical - other than the communication protocol, the only difference is that the 1220 ...
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15
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Why core-loss resistance of a transformer modeled to be parallel with primary winding? [duplicate]
I noticed in Electric Machinery Fundamentals by Stephen J. Chapman, that the core loss current is directly proportional to the applied voltage. What does the applied voltage actually mean? Is it the ...
- 129
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1
answer
15
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Verilog: only run an edge triggered always loop once per edge change
I'm currently working on a simple up counter triggered by the negative edge of a push button. If the button is held while pressed down, the counter gets stuck in the always block and increments by ...
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0
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18
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Oneshot Circuit Design Improvement
Question is related to my this question here.
I want to trigger a buzzer for 500ms to 1sec whenever a switch is opened, answers on that question didn't produce satisfactory results so I came up with a ...
- 558
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33
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How can I combine resistors to simplify circuits?
I figured that in the first circuit, I could combine R1 and R2 in series, but it doesn't appear like I can do the same with R1 and R3. Why?
Need a little clarification please.
- 15
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0
answers
27
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Common base configuration
I have tried to implement this circuit of common base configuration but the power supply used in the lab is very confusing and I suspect it’s the reason why my readings aren’t turning out right (it’s ...
- 1
0
votes
1
answer
58
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Grounding in power electronics
I'm designing a three-phase inverter and have been looking up information online with respect to grounding, which led me to a somewhat misapprehension.
In my system I firstly planned on separating the ...
0
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1
answer
40
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Relationship Between Current and Power in a Refrigerator [duplicate]
I have a refrigerator with the following characteristics:
Condensing Unit Size 1/2 H.P.
Voltage (International) 115/60/1
Total Amps (International) 7.7
Defrost Amps (International) 4.4
What generates ...
- 151
1
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1
answer
75
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Best way to go from 5V to .95V to power an FPGA at max 15A
I need to power the core voltage on an FPGA from a 5 volt supply with a lot of constraints.
This is a rad hard environment so many components are ruled out. I'm only able to find a SMPS that will go ...
- 11
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15
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Rechargeable battery in proteus professional 8
I'm trying to design a solar charge controller in Proteus 8 but I don't know how I'm going to simulate the charging of the battery. In Proteus, I don't think there are any rechargeable batteries (from ...
0
votes
1
answer
42
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Boost Current and Limit Voltage
I have a radar gun which has a serial interface. The gun reports the velocity out to the serial port. I want to attach a microcontroller (ESP8266/ESP32) to the serial interface and forward the ...
- 91
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0
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29
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ESP32-C3 Custom board flashing using USB issue - Invalid head of packet 0x47
I built a custom board using the ESP32 C3 with inbuilt flash. Because I need to use the least space possible, I decided to use the function of this chip to be flashed via USB. When I connnect the ...
- 11
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2
answers
53
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RC snubber causing latch in relay
I'm driving RT314730 relay directly with MOC3063:
simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
The problem is when SW1 is open the relay latches, I tried 10nF instead of 100nF and ...
- 2,279
1
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1
answer
30
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ESD protection: connect wrist strap to ESD mat or directly to grounding point
For our workshop, I'm thinking about buying a big ESD mat to cover the whole workbench (5.5 m), so it won't be a "ready to use" one, but a roll to cut to the right dimensions, and to which I ...
- 6,238
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1
answer
47
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No output when testing the AD620 amplifier with a function generator
I have a problem testing the AD620 amplifier using a function generator.
I'm injecting a 100 mV sinusoid, and with the gain of a 1k resistor. In this configuration I would have a 5 V signal at the ...
0
votes
1
answer
34
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Does all the current lag the voltage in an inductor or is it only a small component?
the way I understood a basic inductive circuit (voltage source + inductor) is that all the circuit current (Io) lags the voltage by 90 degrees. However, I am following this blog tutorial to refresh ...
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answers
28
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SD card stuck writing single block of data
I noticed a very strange behaviour on some of my micro SD cards.
I have a project that writes data to files stored on my SD card (FAT32 formatted) via the SPI interface of a PIC32 microcontroller.
...
0
votes
1
answer
110
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What sort of transistor is this?
I come back to ask for the help of the community in order to identify a device which was given to me several years ago by an electronics component dealer. This time I know something more, precisely
...
- 3,270
1
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1
answer
64
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Shouldn't the differential pair gain be \$\frac{V_X - V_Y}{V_{in1}-V_{in2}} = -g_m R_D/2\$?
This is a snipet from the book Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits (page 112).
This is analysis of differential pair.
For \$g_{m1} = g_{m2} = g_m\$, reduces to
$$\begin{equation}
(V_X − V_Y ) = −...
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0
answers
12
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To convert single phase to three phase using the static convertor approach to run 3 phase motor. I got unbalanced power it only balances at full speed [closed]
I would like to know if there is a way I would integrate a microcontroller to the circuit to solve the problems of static converters
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3
answers
49
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Derive values from a graph
I want to get accurate values from this graph when the input voltage (mV) is 0mV what should the output voltage(V) be? I can guess by saying it's 2.55V but I need accurate values to make my circuit ...
- 3
1
vote
1
answer
79
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Is negative voltage going to cause trouble?
I'm trying to design a circuit that will allow me to set and reset an SR-latch with a single input.
My idea is that when the input is driven high, the latch immediately resets, and if it persists for ...
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1
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65
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What do I need to power a Christmas village with mains instead of batteries and in a single circuit?
I should start by saying that I'm fairly new to this world but I already know my way around a breadboard.
I already made a sort of mock-up of what I need in a breadboard with a few LEDs, resistors, ...
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-2
votes
1
answer
50
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Microcontroller I2C and SPI protocol
I have STM32F401RCT6, ATmega328p, and ESP32 microcontrollers in my circuit. Will I have any problems if I connect the processor directly to an I2C line, otherwise what should I do?
1
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0
answers
10
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BLDC ESC control pinout/wiring?
I wanted to know if there is some standard pinout/layout of wires for BLDC ESC.
I got the motor and battery connection parts, but I am confused about wires that connect to the reciever.
I am trying to ...
- 29
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0
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26
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Electronics and Internet of things [closed]
Need to find out
Find i(t) and write as a signal
Find V (out) . (Hint there are two cases)
Plot V (out)
From the attached diagram
1
vote
2
answers
78
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Can a capacitor of lower capacity than required be harmful?
I want to make a full wave rectifier for my highschool physics project. My mentor suggested I get a 24V 1000μF for it but I could only get my hands on a 50V 100μF capacitor. The voltage supply is a 9-...
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1
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1
answer
26
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Ethernet switch ic to SoM connection
I need to develop a custom board that integrates both a system on module (e.g. raspberry CM4 or a jetson nano) and a network switch. I found some network switch IC from microchip (e.g. KSZ8795) that ...
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0
answers
17
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Multi-level Digital Modulation [closed]
Could you please suggest some good sources to learn about multi-level digital modulation?
Thank you.
0
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0
answers
14
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BLDC ESC with voltage regulator [closed]
Will there be any issues if I add buck-boost voltage regulator between battery and the BLDC motor ESC?
- 29
0
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0
answers
20
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Amplifier limiter using LM13700
Does someone has the knowledge of a schematic for a audio limiter circuit using LM13700? I found one on the internet, but it has the limitation that is not adequate for audio signals with a lot of low ...
0
votes
2
answers
60
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Convert square wave to DC using opamps
For a project I need to convert a 0-24V 200Hz square wave to DC.
The DC is supposed to represent the duty cycle of the square wave signal.
From this website I drew inspiration.
I've made a 2nd order ...
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1
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1
answer
24
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0
votes
0
answers
15
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Modifiying bus impedance matrix by changing reference bus [closed]
Zbus matrix of a 2-bus system calculated assuming bus-0 as reference bus is
[j0.6818 j0.2273; j0.2273 j0.4091]. What will be the modified Zbus matrix if the reference bus is taken Bus 2 instead of ...
- 1
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2
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87
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Could you use millions of small watch batteries in parallel to start a car? [closed]
This is an xkcd style question I grant
Assume you didn't care if the batteries exploded, that this is clearly not practical or sensible etc
But theoretically, it's the end of the world, you have ...
- 111
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0
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26
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Taylor expansion relationship with transistor conductivity [closed]
Write an equation that represents the base-emitter voltage change and the collector current change of a bipolar transistor, assuming that the base-emitter voltage has a DC component and an AC ...
- 3
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1
answer
40
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How do I run four 1 watt 3.4 volt LEDs with a 5 volt 2 ampere power supply without overheating?
I am trying to run four small, 1 watt LEDs with the help of a charger that supplies 5 volts at 2 amperes current. The LEDs require 3.4 volts to run. How do I run them without the LEDs overheating? I ...
0
votes
0
answers
19
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Dual camera image stream over coax
I need to transfer data stream from two different image sensors with MIPI CSI-2 interface over single coax line (up to 2Gps throughput is supposed) between two modules of the system.
I've searched ...
1
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0
answers
28
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Alternate values of high pass filter isn't working, even though gain, phase & transient response is almost same
I'm trying to design a high pass filter to remove the humming noise (around 50-60Hz.) If I use alternate values, it's not working.
It's the recommended value from a YouTube video (470pF, 5.6Mohm.). ...
1
vote
1
answer
39
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Closed-loop differential-input JFET amplifier
I am unsure how a differential-input JFET amplifier in a closed-loop can be built. A very simple amplifier with differential inputs and differential outputs can look like this:
As far as I understand,...
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4
votes
1
answer
151
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Eliminating a weird pulse when switching a valve actuator using a low-side MOSFET
The circuit is connected as drawn below:
MOSFET IC = MAX14919A
Valve actuator = MHE2-MS1H-3/2G-M7-K
Schottky Diode = SS16HL-TP
The pulse happens when the low-side MOSFET opens (disconnecting the ...
- 41
1
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0
answers
41
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Identifying IC used in keyless entry module of automotive board
I am repairing a PCB board and need a datasheet for 8-pin IC with top marking BZAENA for replacement. Its dimension is 4.9 x 3.9 x 0.9 mm. This IC is used in a keyless entry module.
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1
answer
53
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Appropriate capacitor ratings / types for 5 V DC power supply?
I am designing a 5 V DC power supply. I will explain the main component set up excluding the capacitors since I am not sure of capacitor placement or appropriate ratings.
I intend to supply power to ...
- 1