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The Ebers-Moll model is considered simple yet effective model of the BJT. What makes it special and when does it break down i.e is not applicable?

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  • \$\begingroup\$ The EE equations work for large signals, while for small signals it's better to use the hybrid or Giacoletto's model. \$\endgroup\$
    – Vladimir Cravero
    Commented Feb 10, 2015 at 23:08

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The original Ebers-Moll model can't capture the Early Effect or any charge storage effects. It can be modified to include these: Mathworks NPN enhanced Ebers-Moll model.

There is also the Gummel-Poon model. It is possible to exactly get the Ebers-Moll model from the Gummel-Poon model by setting certain parameters to a certain value.

According to this derivation, Gummel-Poon is able to capture space-charge layer generation/recombination, as well as high-level injection (variation of \$\beta\$ with current?) and the Early effect. I didn't thoroughly look through the differences between the "enhanced Ebers-Moll" and the Gummel-Poon model.

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