I doubt an inductor or ferrite will be worth it in your situation. I use the pic32 a bit, have never needed to use one. For a 12 bit device, it could be necessary, but for a 10 bit adc, its not going to make much difference. It is quite important to properly bypass the avdd with a 0.1uf, and use a proper pcb grounding scheme.
You haven't said what type of temperature sensor you are using. You can do the math yourself, but the 1.7uf + 10K low pass filter could be simplified to a single cap and resistor. Since the recommended source impedance to the adc is around 1k, it would be better to use a 1k and 0.1uf to 1uf, although the cap relaxes this requirement to a certain degree depending on your sampling rate.
The 0.1 to 1 uf guideline isn't set in stone, its what I tend to do in my projects, and if you use a standard size footprint, you can experiment with different values for best results.