SMPS Buck converter with PWM circuit

Question

I am designing a buck converter with PWM circuitry for a school project to drive a MOSFET switch to keep my output voltage constant. The specs are:

• input voltage of 20v DC +/- 4
• output voltage of 5v DC
• Maximum output current of 1A
• No more than 10% change in voltage over entire range of input voltage and load
• Min. 80% efficiency at full load
• No micro-controllers can be used

I am having trouble keeping the voltage constant with the PWM circuitry. When simulating the circuit, the voltage goes to around 5.7 to 6v. Can you please help me correct the PWM circuitry and/or the inductor and capacitor values? They may not be correct.

EDIT: The lm555 Timer with the BC557BG transistor creates a ramp voltage by repeatedly charging and discharging capacitor C6. The 741 Op-Amp is set up as a differential amplifier with a gain of 1, which will subtract a sample voltage from the output with a reference voltage of 5v. The output of the 741 Op-Amp goes into an input of the lm311n voltage comparator, and the ramp voltage into the other input, the output should be a square wave with varying duty cycle to drive the MOSFET. Click for full-size. EDIT:

The light blue lines represent 5v from the zener diode, black for ground.

The 555 Timer Sawtooth wave generates at 30kHz

The main Buck converter
The calculations I used to select inductor and capacitor values.

I solved these values by setting LIR to 0.2 and dV to 75mV.
Feedback circuit
Summing amp and voltage comparator

The Voltage to the gate pin of the MOSFET

The comparator inputs

The output voltage before and after the inductor

The output voltage does not stay around 5v, it slowly increases to 10v

Answer 1

Without researching your circuit i want to warmly recommend something. Prepare three stages on your feedback, and have their sum on another opamp. One stage is buffer, another one is integrator and the third one is derivator. Each should have a nice convenient potentiometer to set the gain. Then you will be able to tune your system for best performance.

Edit

Most importantly, simulate before you go to solder anything!!!

Edit

Based on assumption that your components are appropriate for voltage and current, and that you know the basics, I will explain what you should do to close the loop.

I will add a little bit more info. First of all, your PWM controller must have a saw-tooth waveform of constant frequency and "command signal" which is basically voltage, that you compare to this saw-tooth. If the command is smaller than the saw-tooth, your switch is on, otherwise- off. Make sure it works for a constant command, this is an open-loop PWM controller.

Now you have to close the loop. Closing the loop basically means making your error zero. So you have first of all to measure it by subtracting your output voltage from a reference voltage. Reference is generated by a zener diode with resistor. Or you can take an IC that will do it inside more accurately. The output voltage is usually higher than your reference, so use resistor divider, so error is 0 when the divided voltage equals to your reference.

Now when you have your error, feed it to the three opamp circuits I mentioned: one with just gain, another one- integrator, third- derivator. Add all three- the result should be used as the PWM command signal (remember?).

And you will have to tune the system, so use potentiometers around opamps.