I was going through an app-note AN2606 where I came across this connection diagram:
As per my knowledge, UART is push-pull type and Tx provides the pull-up required and hence we don't need to use any external pull ups. Am I missing something here?
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asked Nov 22, 2016 at 9:46
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1\$\begingroup\$ When UART is idle, Both the lines are high. Start bit in UART is first High-to-Low transition on the line. Hence they are pulled up. \$\endgroup\$– SwanandNov 22, 2016 at 9:56
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\$\begingroup\$ @swanand - That's what even I thought. I am wondering why this app note would recommend pull ups. \$\endgroup\$– WhiskeyjackNov 22, 2016 at 10:39
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1\$\begingroup\$ Probably to guarantee certain requirements, like that it's high before the micro ends its power cycle or rise times are fast enough... \$\endgroup\$– zakkosNov 22, 2016 at 10:55
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1\$\begingroup\$ I've used UART a number of times on STM32s and I haven't had any pullups, although admitedlt it was not for the bootloader, so @zakkos might be right. Also see the note below the schematic - it's only necessary if the hostst does not have a pull up of it's own, so it seems even more likely that it's there to ensusre some requirement for the state of the line. \$\endgroup\$– jaskijNov 22, 2016 at 11:16
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2\$\begingroup\$ @swanand - what I meant was - UART pins are pulled up on their own. We should not need external pull ups as shown in the image. The Tx pins are responsible to drive the line HIGH without the need of external resistors. Tony's answer explain the requirement of those resistors. :) \$\endgroup\$– WhiskeyjackNov 22, 2016 at 11:50
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2 Answers
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While the microcontroller is in reset, its I/O pins will be configured as high-impedance inputs. So the pin used for a UART serial Transmit Data (TXD) will be floating during this time. This can lead to noise causing rubbish to be transmitted by the RS232 line driver.
Some line driver ICs have internal pull-up resistors on their TTL/LVTTL-side input pins to prevent this and produce an RS232 idle state. Otherwise, a pull-up resistor can be added.
A pull-up resistor on the UART serial Receive Data (RXD) input pin is not necessary because the RS232 line receiver is always driving that pin.
Note that the reset period is usually a relatively long time and that any I/O pins used as output pins are prone to this problem and must be considered for a pull-up or pull-down resistor.
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2\$\begingroup\$ About RXD, if the host side has no pull-up at its 'TXD' pin, the 'RXD' pin at slave side (STM32 side) may also need pull-up. \$\endgroup\$– divergerAug 22, 2018 at 7:19
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\$\begingroup\$ See question diagram. RXD is always driven by RS232 line receiver, never floating so no pull needed, as answer says. \$\endgroup\$– TonyMMar 17, 2022 at 7:55
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The pull-ups are meaningful just in case the micro is in boot mode. In that case the micro cycle on different ports (uart, I2C usb, can) depending on the kind of micro.
If the input port is not driven noise could eventually let the micro thinking that there's a transmission on that port and then waiting for a bott from a port that isn't connected to anything. Having a pull-up will prevent this case.
