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I am studying transformers and I am not completely understanding a basic detail, but it is annoying me.
When we draw the equivalent circuit of a transformer, why is the secondary voltage referred to the primary written as \$V_{2}'=\frac{N_1}{N_2}V_2\$ ?
These currents --- in primary or secondary --- develop a flux in the core that is common to all windings. The response of each winding to the common flux is proportional to #turns in that winding. Thus a transformer is a self-regulating machine, with back-electromotive-force (back EMF) providing the negative feedback.
