In Sedra Smith I can found that: Rout = ro + (1 + gm * ro) * Re_s, Re_s = Re || r_pi. Can I see in my circuit using simulation tools (like current probe, voltage meter) that previous equation approximately valid? I think that output impedance I need to meter at collector of Q1 to ground.
1 Answer
You can always use AC analysis (frequency response) and plot \$ R_{out} = V_1/I_1\$ .
Here you have an example from LTspice (I don't have multisim)
\$V_1\$ is \$5V DC\$ source and \$1V\$ for AC analysis.
And next, I plot \$ R_{out} = \frac{V_1}{I_1} =\frac{V(n001)}{I(V1)} \$
And read from the plot \$ R_{out} = 2.62\textrm{M}\Omega\$
In LTspice I used \$2N3904\$ with \$V_A = 100\textrm{V}\$ (Early voltage) and \$ \beta = 300 \$
The DC operation point is:
$$I_E = \frac{5\textrm{V} - 0.75\textrm{V}}{15\textrm{k}\Omega}\approx 4.3\textrm{mA}$$
And BJT small-signal parameters:
$$g_m = \frac{I_C}{V_T} = \frac{4.3\textrm{mA}}{26\textrm{mV}} \approx 0.165\:\textrm{S}$$
$$r_O = \frac{V_A + V_{CE}}{I_C}\approx 24.45\textrm{k}\Omega$$
$$r_{\pi} = \frac{\beta}{gm}\approx 1.8\textrm{k}\Omega$$
And finally, we can calculate \$R_{out}\$ without \$R_C\$ resistor in the circuit.
$$R_{out}= r_o + (1 +g_m \cdot r_o)\cdot R_E||r_{\pi}\approx 2.61\textrm{M}\Omega$$
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\$\begingroup\$ Comments are not for extended discussion; this conversation has been moved to chat. \$\endgroup\$ Commented Oct 31, 2017 at 13:33
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\$\begingroup\$ @G36 What value of Vce do you take in "ro" equation? \$\endgroup\$– MaxMilCommented Feb 4, 2018 at 16:44
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\$\begingroup\$ @MaxMil The DC operation point value (around 5V for this circuit). \$\endgroup\$– G36Commented Feb 4, 2018 at 16:49
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\$\begingroup\$ @G36 Is there "r_o" is only ac analysis quantity and not useful for DC Q-point? \$\endgroup\$– MaxMilCommented Feb 4, 2018 at 17:44
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\$\begingroup\$ @MaxMil Yes, r_o is only AC quantity. In DC we usually ignore the Early effect in hand calculations. electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/299672/… \$\endgroup\$– G36Commented Feb 4, 2018 at 17:54