From your comment:-
The battery sits inside a PVC pipe and I want it to actually be an
insulator.
A PVC pipe is an insulator. The battery is also insulated with a PVC wrapping, so you don't need any extra insulation. Just make sure that there are no metal objects (screws etc.) inside the tube that could puncture or short out the battery.
I then read that using the battery makes it hot and I thought
insulating the battery with silver tape could do more harm than good.
Yes. Any extra insulation on the battery will just make it harder to cool. To keep it cool you should arrange the PVC pipe so that air will flow through it (and around the battery) while the bike is moving.
I live in rural Australia where it gets very hot in summer and fairly
cold in winter.
Li-ion battery lifespan is reduced at high temperature, especially when fully charged. Keep the battery indoors (hopefully at lower temperature) when not in use. In hot weather you should use it as soon as possible after charging, and store at half charge (38V) or less. Charging to a lower voltage (eg. 41V instead of 42V) also extends lifespan, but reduces effective capacity.
Above 60°C Li-ion batteries go into 'thermal runaway' which will cause them to explode. You should ensure that the battery (and its container) is not exposed to direct sunlight that could heat it up significantly above the ambient air temperature.
Performance is reduced at low temperature. However under heavy load the battery will warm itself up during use. Keep the battery indoors at normal room temperature before riding in cold weather.
Your battery does not appear to have any built-in BMS (Battery Management System) and the charger is a simple CVCC (constant voltage / constant current) power supply. Therefore you will have to use a multimeter to test the battery voltage. The bike controller should be set to cut out at 30V or higher to avoid over-discharging the battery. If voltage ever goes below 30V the battery will be damaged and may explode if you try to recharge it. Charge the battery in a fire-safe area with a smoke alarm, and do not leave it on charge unattended!