# Measuring the orientation sensitivity of a UHF RFID transponder, where do the deviations come from?

I measured the orientation sensitivity of a UHF RFID tag using a Voyantic Tagformance Lite RFID test device. I rotated the tag along the 3 axes using a stepper motor and a rotating table.

The device measures the path losses from the device to the tag location using a reference tag with known properties. I positioned the reference tag to the measurement location and started the calibration process. The device does a frequency sweep from 800-1000 MHz ands sends a read command at varying power levels until the tag responds. Once the tag responds, the path loss is calculated using the known properties of the reference tag.

Path loss = Transmitted power - Power on Tag

• Power on tag is a known property of the reference tag
• Transmitted power is the power level at which the tag responds

After the path loss has been measured for every frequency, the reference tag can be replaced with the tag under test. Using the same measurement as above, the device calculates the read range with following formula:

Where $$\P_{tag}\$$ = transmitted power (at which tag responds) - path loss (measured using the reference tag)

and $$\P_{max,EIRP}\$$ = 3.28 W

This is the first measurement orientation (I measured 4 copies of the same tag)

and here is the result as a polar diagram. Depicted is the read range as a function of orientation angle

Next rotation

and the result

Last measurement

Result

My questions:

1. The last measurement shows large deviations between the tags, what could be the reason for this? Could it be reflections from the rotating table? I could not properly reproduce the measurements, I always get more or less different results for this measurement.

Edit: What causes the fluctuations from angle 0 - angle 180? 180° - 270° is exactly what I expected. The material I put the tag on is styrodur, it is pretty much electromagnetically neutral.

2. Why is the overall shape of measurement 1 and measurement 2 different? I would have expected a very close result between those two measurements.

Overall, the results are more or less what I expected but there are some discrepancies that I can't explain. Can anyone shed some light on this? My guess would be that the rotating table is somehow interfering with the measurement in the last two experiments.

1. In all of the three graphs the read range is slightly better in 0 degree angle compared to 180 degree angle. In third graph the difference is most visible due to scaling o the graph. My first guess is that the tag antenna is not perfectly symmetrical and read range is a bit better in one orientation.

Also. If you decrease the power step from 0.5 dB to 0.1 dB that would make the graphs "cleaner".

2. Theoretically the orientation patter of a dipole antenna tag is a "donut". In your test you have the donut sliced in three directions. First 2 are similar, slight angle is due to misalignment. Third is the angle which shows donut as a circle.

You are also welcome to contact Voyantic for any questions - about the tagformance system, or RFID otherwise.

Disclosure: I work for Voyantic.

• Thank you. I do wonder why the third graph is smooth from 90deg to 270deg. The tag isn't fully visible to the antenna from those angles, the material between antenna and tag is styropor which should have no effect on the tag performance. – Karl S. May 8 '19 at 10:14

1/check the axes between the two figures figure 1 (0-9m)/figure 2 (6-9m)

2/ Why is the overall shape of measurement 1 and measurement 2 different? measurement 1 : Measured read distances of the proposed tag antenna in the xy measurement 2 : Measured read distances of the proposed tag antenna in the zy