Harmonic response of PID only works if multiplied by a large number?

I am trying to control just one motor using a H-bridge as shown in the picture (one motor only). I am attempting to use PD control, but for some reason I only obtain a sin wave when I multiply sin(x) by a large number such as 250, i wanted to be bounded between -1 and 1. Is there a problem with my sampling rate? I am reading the encoder in degrees and obtaining the error between the setpoint (the sin wave) and the encoder reading (in degrees). See the output sin curve attached.Harmonic response

#include <Encoder.h>

//Gearbox values
//-------------------------
int gearRatio=298; // 298:1
int ppr=3;//(pulses per revolution of encoder)
//--------------------------

//-------------------
volatile long int Position=0;// counts the number of tick from encoder , volatile is to make sure the value is updated is the main loop

float degPosition=0.0; // holds the rotating angle in degrees, accepts decimal points
//---------------------

//----- peripheral pins-------------------
const int motorPin1  = 6;  // Pin 2 of L293
const int motorPin2  =7;  // Pin 7 of L293
const int enablePin= 10;
const byte interruptPin = 2;
//-----------------------

//  Initialize timer

const int freq = 1000;
//  Calculate sampling time in us
const int dt = round((1.0/(float)freq)*1000000.0);

float PID_error = 0;
float previous_error = 0;
long unsigned change_in_time, current_time, prev_time;
float PID_value = 0;

//
float setpointPosition = 0;
float currentPostion = 0;

float kp = 12;    float ki = 0;   float kd = 2.5;
float P_term = 0;    float I_term = 0;    float D_term = 0;

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
//Set pins as outputs
pinMode(motorPin1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(motorPin2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(enablePin,OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(enablePin, HIGH); //ebales the chip to work

pinMode(interruptPin, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(12,INPUT);
attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(interruptPin), encoder, RISING);
}

void loop() {

//elapsed time
current_time = micros();
change_in_time = current_time-prev_time;

// reset Degrees when they go above 360 deg.
if (degPosition>=360.0){Position=0;}
if (degPosition<=-360.0){Position=0;}

// transform Position to degrees
degPosition = (Position*360.0/(ppr*gearRatio));

//target points and reference sin curve
setpointPosition = 250*sin(float(prev_time/1e6));
//Serial.print("Target position: ");
//Serial.println(setpointPosition);
//Serial.print(",");
//Serial.print("Degree position: ");
Serial.println(degPosition,10);//

if (change_in_time > 7000){

PID_error = (setpointPosition-degPosition);
//Serial.print("Error is: ");
//Serial.println(PID_error,3);
P_term = kp*PID_error;
I_term = I_term + ki*PID_error*change_in_time;
D_term = kd*(PID_error - previous_error)/change_in_time;

PID_value = P_term + I_term + D_term;

if (PID_value < -255){PID_value = -255;}
if ((PID_value > -80) && (PID_value < 0)){PID_value = -80;}
if (PID_value > 255){PID_value = 255;}
if ((PID_value < 80) && (PID_value > 0)){PID_value = 80;}
//Serial.print("PID value: ");
//Serial.println(PID_value,3);

if (PID_value >= 0){
analogWrite(motorPin1,0);
analogWrite(motorPin2,PID_value);
}
else{
analogWrite(motorPin2,0);
analogWrite(motorPin1,-PID_value);
}
prev_time = current_time;
}

}

void encoder(){ //


• Have you checked the system for a step signal as the setpoint? Why does the encoder appear to depend only on a single pin 12? The setpoint 250*sin(t) is a fast changing setpoint. Perhaps try out a lower frequency. – AJN Jun 4 at 1:05
• Please clarify this sentence: "for some reason I only obtain a sin wave when I multiply sin(x) by a large number such as 250, i wanted to be bounded between -1 and 1.". If you multiply sin with 250, the result will lie between +-250. – AJN Jun 4 at 1:07
• If i am not mistaken, the analogwrite needs an input between 0-255. For small angle changes, the friction probably prevents the motor from moving. For small step input, does the motor move when the error persists for a long duration and the integrator charges and crosses the friction threshold? – AJN Jun 4 at 14:09