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The TL431 datasheet mentions that the VIKA is approximately 2 volts (when the input is more than Vref = 2.5 V), but based on my simulation, it shows me (1.07 V to 1.2 V). I need to know where I can find the VKA on-voltage based on the datasheet.

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  • \$\begingroup\$ Re "V_IKA": Don't you mean "V_KA"? (Datasheet) \$\endgroup\$
    – Peter Mortensen
    Commented Mar 13, 2022 at 11:56

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It's not specified and it's not important in most applications. It just has to be reliably well under 2.5V over process variation and temperature.

Looks like (from the datasheet) it has to be at least two diode drops based on the shunt transistor actually being a Darlington pair.

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You can measure an actual sample, however it may vary somewhat between manufacturers and from unit-to-unit, so it's not really something you should depend on to an any degree of confidence. It will also certainly vary with temperature.

Just to indicate some differences- a simulation in LTspice with the 'TL431' model gives ~1.1V and a simulation with the TL431A model gives ~1.8V.

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  • \$\begingroup\$ 1V is clearly a simulation "error" not a process variation. \$\endgroup\$
    – G36
    Commented Mar 12, 2022 at 18:36
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    \$\begingroup\$ @SpehroPefhany Oh, I made a classic mA/µA mixup when reading it.. \$\endgroup\$
    – jpa
    Commented Mar 13, 2022 at 7:27

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