# How can I test my multimeter's battery without a low battery indicator?

I a few months ago needed a multimeter, and I didn't have one. Not wanting to wait for one to arrive, and only needing it once, I went out to the hardware store and bought a cheap digital multimeter. I bought the cheapest one I could find that was digital, and I guess that's why you can't find it online anywhere. :P No problem getting a low accuracy and build quality (if this one breaks, I'm going to get a newer, better one).

I ended up using it more than I imagined, and it has enough accuracy for my needs (everything that I use is less than +-1.2%), and the only negative is it doesn't have a low battery indicator. If I knew I would be using it some, I would have bought a better one, but this one is sufficient for testing basic voltages, currents, and resistances to easily find the value of a resistor without reading the color codes. Is there a way that I can check the battery without opening it up and using a battery tester? I don't want to mess around with it too much, but I don't have a real need to upgrade besides this, which the money could be better spent on other parts that I want.

## It's easy to to test your accuracy of the multimeter with a simple resistor.

You don't need anything else besides your multimeter. This method doesn't actually test battery; it tests accuracy of multimeter, which decreases with the battery level.

Let's do some math:

Before we can start, you'll need to pick out a resistor to use. To get the best possible accuracy check of your meter, you'll want as small tolerance you can afford (I'm using a 5% just because the accuracy doesn't matter that much to me). If you can afford/have time to get/want a smaller tolerance, and you can justify the extra cost, go ahead. It will work perfectly fine, in fact, a little better. However, since you/I have a cheap multimeter to begin with that I don't care about accuracy, I wouldn't bother with the cost. If you are testing it for some reason and comparing its accuracy to others, may want to get a better one for that purpose, but that's off topic. For the resistance, remember the lower the resistance, the better accuracy. I'll explain why a little later. That being said, if you have a resistor that is 5 milliohms (if there is such a thing): a.) if you have enough money to keep that kind of resistor on stock or you're doing detailed electronics that need that little resistance, WHY are you not upgrading (or at least shipping one to me=P), and b.) will a multimeter that cheap really measure such a little voltage?

If you have two resistors of different resistors and tolerances, and don't know which to pick:

I have a 33 OHM 5% Tolerance RadioShack resistor and a cheap 150 OHM 2% Tolerance resistor. Which do I choose? There's a simple equation to tell: $$Accuracy = Resistance*Tolerance$$ The resistor with the least accuracy number (weird... I know, right?) is the best choice. The RadioShack being 165 and the other one being 300, I chose the RadioShack.

Back to the math:

You'll need to know the accuracy percentage of your multimeter for the resistance range you'll use. I will be using the 200 OHM range with my 33 OHM resistor (yes, my multimeter is a manual ranging with no battery indicator and cheap construction: don't judge). Mine is 1% +-2D. Time to plug everything in (if your multimeter doesn't have a digits accuracy ("D"), ignore the variable "A").

$$TotalTolerancePercent=(ResistorTolerance/100+1)*(MultimeterTolerancePercentage/100+1)$$

Also you need to calculate:

$$A=MultimeterDigetsAccuracy*LowestValue$$

(The "Lowest_Value" is what the lowest number your display can display besides 0 on your rance. EX: 00.1)

The final equations that you need to plug in TotalTolerancePercent and A:

$$UpperRange=TotalTolerancePercent*(ResistorResistance+A)$$ and... $$LowerRange=(ResistorResistance-UpperRange)+ResistorResistance$$

Example:

$$TotalTolerancePercent=(5/100+1)*(1/100+1) = 1.0605$$ $$A=2*0.1 = 0.2$$ $$UpperRange=1.0605*(33+0.2) = 35.01771$$ $$LowerRange=-2.01771+33 = 30.98229$$

You're done with math. YAY!!! What we just calculated was what the resistance should read between on multimeter by calculating the accuracy of the multimeter and the accuracy of the resistor and combining them in what looks like a very complex way (but it isn't; I've been reciting it off the top of my head to make sure I didn't forget before wrote this). Pull out your multimeter and measure the resistor. I held it on there until my measurement stabilized and it stopped changing. If it's in the ranges: your battery's is perfect or/and achieving the theoretical results, and if its not, don't worry. You can try replacing it, but if it's old, it can get uncalibrated. Since it will be a cheap multimeter, you can't calibrate it, but upgrading might be a better choice if a new battery doesn't fix it and you want more accuracy. I would have replaced my battery if it read 10 ohms, but 30 probably is close enough for me. Enjoy!!!

Since this took a long time to write, I probably messed something up in the equations. Feel free to edit it to clarify something or to comment. One thing to remember: Calculate the part inside the parenthesis before calculating the equation outside of the parenthesis.

Edit: I have some pictures:

That is my reading on a 33 OHM resistor. I don't think my multimeter's battery is good still. I'm going to replace it. :P

• I think you have to describe how you came to the conclusion that a digital multimeter's tolerance will decrease as the battery dies. Your theory does not make any sense to me. – akohlsmith Aug 12 '13 at 23:15
• @akohlsmith It's only on some multimeters, not all. Reference: electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/31147/… ...Sometimes they can give strange results with low batteries. I'm just testing a known value to see if it's giving you inaccurate readings. The equations are what it should be between: I'm factoring in tolerances of the multimeter and resistor to find out what a full battery should test at. I'm just saying do this once every day that you use it to verify accuracy which can be lowered by a bad battery. – Anonymous Penguin Aug 13 '13 at 0:27
• This seems a silly thing to do; why not add a low battery indication to your cheap meter? It looks like you could do it for under $5 with a supervisory IC, pair of resistors and LED. Set the supervisory low-battery detect for whatever level you want using the resistor divider, wire the LED's Kathode up to the open-collector output, Anode to the battery +V after the power switch and Bob's your uncle. Draws very little power until the meter is on and the battery is low. – akohlsmith Aug 13 '13 at 1:24 The multimeter display itself provides the best estimate of the battery condition in lieu of a low battery indicator. If the display is easily readable, then the battery is probably OK. As the battery voltage drops, the LCD will get dimmer. The battery should be replaced when the display is noticeably dimmer. Accuracy of the multimeter should not be a function of the battery condition until the battery gets low enough that the display is unreadable so measuring a known resistor is not a good test. • Quoting myself from my answer: Reference: electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/31147/… ...Sometimes they can give strange results with low batteries. – Anonymous Penguin Aug 13 '13 at 0:30 Apart from checking the brightness of the display as Barry mentions, and watching out for other anomalies such as the buzzer sounding funny, wonky readings, etc, (which is probably too late, i.e. it should have been changed some time ago) I'm not aware of any accurate method of testing the battery without opening it up. A well designed circuit should handle (it's specified) supply variations without compromising performance. However, you have to open the meter to change the battery anyway, so you shouldn't really be reluctant to do so - it should be pretty easy to do as changing the battery is part of the normal use, usually just needing one screw and a small panel/back of the meter to be removed. If you do open it, and the meter is still working okay, you can use it to test it's own battery voltage and get a reasonable indication of battery health under a small load. Check reading against a battery graph of the same type. • So swap the current battery and test the old one? How do you know for sure that the new one is functioning correctly? The reason I don't want to open it is I don't mind doing it, but it's a pain to do routinely to make sure it's okay, and then I don't feel like accidentally stripping the screws after a while. Yes, when you need to change the battery, it's fine, but it seems like there would be a easier benchmark test to do or something. – Anonymous Penguin Aug 13 '13 at 0:40 • You don't know for sure, ideally you would use another meter/tester. However, unless the meter has been acting strange prior to testing, it's a reasonably safe bet you will get an accurate enough reading to figure out if the battery is on it's way out. There are many different designs meterwise, so it's difficult to know how they will all perform when low on voltage (ideally fine till they shut off if well designed - but then a good design would include a battery meter ;-) ) – Oli Glaser Aug 13 '13 at 0:45 • If you don't want to open it too much, I'd maybe try and compromise between Barrys answer and mine - if you think the screen is a bit dimmer (or some other indication like buzzer quiter) then open it and test. Or pick a specified period - most meters usually last a pretty long time, so it wouldn't have to be too frequently. – Oli Glaser Aug 13 '13 at 0:49 • Yes a good design would have a battery meter!!! =P – Anonymous Penguin Aug 13 '13 at 0:50 There are several solutions presented here which seem to be going about it the hard way. An Analog Devices' ADM1085 is a small supervisory IC. It costs$1 in onesie-twosies from Digikey. There are variants that give active-high or active-low outputs, and the outputs are open-collector. Basically the output will assert when the input voltage falls below the 0.6V reference.

Let's assume you have a meter that uses a 9V battery and starts acting funny at 7V, so you want the low battery indication at maybe 7.25V. The IC will assert its output when the input voltage is less than the on-chip 0.6V reference, so we want a resistor divider that will present about 0.6V to the input when 7.25V is presented across the divider.

A divider using a 10k and 110k resistor gives the appropriate ratio: 7.25 * 10k/(10k + 110k) = 0.604V. This will draw 70uA with a fresh 9V battery when the meter is on which would be considered insignificant.

Now you want to light an LED when the battery is low. Ignoring that this will load the battery and possibly drop the voltage lower, you will have 7.25V when the indicator turns on. Let's give ourselves some margin in selecting the current limit resistor for the LED since we want to make sure the LED will be visible. Let's also assume that 10mA will give you the visible equivalent of a klaxon.

Assume a 2V LED drop for a red LED, 1V drop across the open-collector output transistor. 7.25 - 2 - 1 = 4V across the resistor. R=V/I, so R=4V/10mA or 400 ohms, so select 330 or 470 ohms as the closest E24 value. If you use a high efficiency LED you can get away with less current.

The schematic now starts to take shape:

simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab

Now a SOT-363 might not be the easiest package to work with. Digikey has alternative products in easier (but still surface mount) packages. You can always use an adapter board like this; Sparkfun has a wide selection of them.

So there you have it, a five component low battery indicator that doesn't drain the battery, doesn't cost much and is something you could build in an hour or so. You could conceivably replace the supervisory IC with a comparator and zener diode but I think this might load the battery less.