Questions tagged [characteristic-impedance]
Characteristic impedance is the ratio of the amplitudes of voltage and current of a single wave propagating along a transmission line (i.e. without reflections traveling in the other direction). Its SI unit is the ohm.
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From the perspective of a progressive wave, what is lumped impedance? [closed]
This question asks about the meaning of lumped impedance in traveling wave theory.
Should lumped impedance be viewed as something like a point charge, a point mass, or a direct delta function?
When a ...
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Connector impedance matching
The importance of termination matching the cable is emphasized all the time. But before the wires reach the termination resistor they usually pass the connector. I've only seen the impedance specified ...
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How to do impedance matching when when all 3 characteristic impedances differ? [closed]
If we have a circuit like this and we need to do impedance matching on smith chart. How would we go about doing it? I think you would have to first normalize with the Zo1 and go to the 1+jX circle and ...
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Derivation of input admittance of a lossless T-Junction Power Divider that is matched at the input port
I'm trying to understand how the equation for the input admittance for a lossless T-Junction power divider was derived, which is only matched at the input.
Let \$Z_0\$, \$Z_1\$, \$Z_2\$ be the ...
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How does the characteristic impedence of a lumped network work?
I'll take a textbook example to explain my problem.
Find the scattering parameters of the 3 dB attenuator circuit shown in the figure:
The solution reads:
From (4.41), S11 can be found as the ...
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PCB impedance calc and clearance
I am using Altium Designer and it has a nice impedance calculator which tells you the required track width for a desired impedance given the layer stack you have configured.
So if layer 1 and layer 3 ...
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Which stackup to choose for JLPCB FR4 up to ~10GHz
I am aware that 10GHz on FR4 is not ideal, but this is an hobby project and I can tolerate some losses. The 10GHz on the PCB is minimal (probably only a short coplanar waveguide or microstrip with 2 ...
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Series resistor vs PCB track impedance
I want to understand the below question:
There are digital interface for example, MII/RMII lines. It requires a PCB characteristic impedance of 50 Ω.
Also, better EMC flexibility, it is said to place ...
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General guidelines to avoid damaging RF components
So, I am a young researcher in physics and use RF components like splitters, mixers, couplers, amplifiers, etc. These are not high voltage amplitudes at all - at most a few volts - often hundreds of ...
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Must the characteristic cable impedance match the series output impedance?
I have been working on a communication link between an FPGA and a SPI slave. The electrical connection between the two is done via a 2 metre cable composed of 42AWG wires with the following ...
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Unexpected low characteristic impedance using the JLCPCB impedance calculator
I'm currently designing a PCB that is intended to fan out the 38 pins of a MICTOR connector to every other conductor of an 80-conductor ribbon cable (The PATA type one, that is AWG30 wires with a 0....
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Signal wave form change as it travels down the transmission line
This question is not about reflections that will distort the signal which contains many high frequency components.
I would like to know what the signal looks like (changes in shape, attenuation, etc.) ...
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Analytical solution for the characteristic impedance along vertical wire over PEC ground plane (at given point h)?
For the purpose of TL transformer simulation I need a solution for the characteristic impedance of vertical wire, with radius a, at the infinitesimally short segment - not point, at the height h above ...
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Stripline with coplanar ground plane?
I can't seem to find any impedance calculator that offers this configuration — not sure if it has a different name; I'm referring to a trace on an inner layer, sandwiched between ground planes on the ...
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What's the cable configuration of a ribbon cable when aiming for a balanced characteristic impedance?
The ribbon cable in reference 1 states a balanced characteristic impedance of 122 Ω. For which configuration of the wires is this value valid? From reference 2, it becomes evident that the ...
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Impedance matching and termination on a flexible PCB carrying a 4.8 MHz clock signal, need stack up recommendations
I need some expert advice and I trust I can get it here. I am in the process of designing a system that uses a PDM microphone connected to the the microcontroller via a flexible PCB (4.8 MHz clock ...
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Appropriate current sink for measuring the impedance of transmission line
I am creating a current sink that can draw a step current from the Vnode of the circuitry in blue.
The reason to draw a step current from Vnode is that I need to measure the characteristic impedance ...
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Characteristic impedance when routing differential
Can the characteristic impedance value of a single-ended transmissions line be omitted when the two transmissions lines of a differential pair are routed differentially (not two isolated lines)?
I ask ...
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Voltage along transmission line with scattering parameters and VSWR given
A transmitter is connected to an antenna with a coaxial cable with length \$l=1.5 \:\text{m}\$. The characteristic impedance of the cable is \$Z_0 = 75 \: \Omega\$ and the scattering parameters are \$\...
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Lossless quarter wavelength transmission lines
so my lecturer released a past paper with the answers and I have no idea how he got the answer to this question. Please could someone explain it to me? Thanks.
The question is:
A lossless quarter-...
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Calculating the new per unit impedance of a transmission line
The per unit impedance of 98 km of 412 kV transmission line is (0.768 + 4.823i) x 10^-3 to bases of rated voltage and 115 MVA. Calculate the magnitude of the per unit impedance when the apparent power ...
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Why are we able to ignore the henries, Hz, farads, siemens and ohms when calculating the characteristic impedance of a transmission line? [closed]
I have seen calculations, and every time we just take the coefficents of these values and end up calculating a simple complex number. The units all equate to various exponents of area, second, metre ...
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What does a 50 ohm coax "look like" when neither the source nor the load are matched to it, and the center conductor and shield are used for signals?
Say I have a π-network filter for which the inductor is on a separate board. For convenience, I use a 50 ohm coax (4" long, frequency is 13.56 MHz) to connect to the inductor, using the center ...
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Output composite video (PAL) signal from FPGA DAC, totally lost in the analog domain
I'd like to start generating (and perhaps also capturing) composite video (PAL) signals from a digital source, eg. FPGA. However, while my digital logic/programming skills are covered, I'm lacking a ...
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is the characteristic impedance of a cable an actual impedance in the circuit?
Say you have this simple RF circuit :
I "understand" that \$Z_0\$ must match \$Z_s\$ and \$Z_L\$ for maximum power transfer to the load. However, it has never been clear to me how to treat ...
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Transmission Line Transient Response To Step Voltage Prior To Any Reflections
This question seeks a definitive and precise answer to a question regarding the transient response of a transmission line.
Figure 10 of TI Application Note snla026a contains a graph showing (among ...
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Thevenin equivalent of open ended transmission line Clarifications required
I am going through the below link for understanding about transmission line reflections.
The below figure is an equivalent circuit of an open-ended transmission line. For finding the
the voltage at V+ ...
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Via fence distance to the trace?
We have a board design with four layers that uses coplanar waveguide with ground plane:
The trace has via fences. Originally, the design was: W=0.35mm, S=0.2mm, and H approximately 0.2mm (for one of ...
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Differential impedance matching
Below is a small portion of a schematic which I have seen:
It mentions that the transmission lines will have a differential impedance of 100 Ω between them.
In case of single-ended it would be 50 Ω ...
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Practical formula/method to predict the necessity of termination resistor
I am not into high frequency much and just know about ringing caused by reflections due to impedance mismatching in transmission lines.
So I recently saw some non-engineer researchers in a lab that ...
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Using a miniature BNC connector on a PCB to measure high-frequency content with an oscilloscope
I am a power electronics engineer in R&D and often measure fast switching waveforms, specifically high bandwidth MOSFET gate signals. When connecting oscilloscope probes in the past I have found ...
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Calculating lengths of single-stub transmission line when all 3 characteristic impedances differ
Consider a transmission line circuit like the following but where \$Z_{o2}\$ was also unique (say \$Z_{o2}=7\,\Omega\$):
I know how I would find \$l_1\$ and \$l_2\$ using smith charts:
$$Re\left\{Y_n(...
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Transmission lines in paralell for RS485
I have a system with two RS485 transceivers connected by a 300 meters long cable, with 6 wires inside it. In this case, 3 paralell wires of this cable are being used for the "A" signal and ...
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Deriving the S-parameters, different Matched Loads possible?
I guess this is more of a conceptual question but for the problem below Im having trouble getting started on how to derive the S parameters for the network.
I noticed that the network at 28.025 GHz ...
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J-Y(ST)Y..LG cable's charachteristic impedance
First: How to find out (e.g. calculate) the characteristic impedance for the cable mentioned?
Id like to know how to model that cable in e.g. Ltspice, so I would like to know either Z or L' and C'.
...
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Characteristic Impedance vs Frequency
I am reading this paper and I see that characteristic impedance does not take frequency into account. I am surprised by this as I figured different rise time signals would have different frequency ...
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Impedance/Termination of Marvell PHY
I'm trying to understand the proper way to design a PCB to interface a Xilinx 7-series FPGA with a Marvell 88E1512 Ethernet PHY, without simply copying the design from an existing schematic.
The ...
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Matching line driver output impedance over wideband
I'm designing a high impedance line tap for 10-10GBASE-T ethernet signaling. In the AFE I have a JFET LNA for high input Z which goes to a var. gain amplifier that is a fully differential ADC driver. ...
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How does wiring two LNAs in parallel affect charactaristic impedance?
It appears that wiring amplifiers in parallel improves the signal to noise ratio. I thought I would experiment with two SAV-541+ LNAs in parallel and see how they perform:
How does wiring an LNA in ...
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Coax Cable Wave Impedance, Capacitive Load
I am studying the behaviour of cables over frequency, especially what a source sees, and have 2 Questions, as I did some simulations in LtSpice. As a model for the cable I used the "Lossy ...
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Load to Source impedance match for non-constant load impedance
i have a rf-system that is working in frequency range of 100 MHz and try to match the impedance of the load to the source system (50 Ohm).
So, in general, i know that a network (P- or T-Network) has ...
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Impedance Matching of an Antenna
I am reading about antenna design and have a few questions which I could not get clarified.
I read about "Stubs". I got to know that Stubs are used for impedance matching of an Antenna either by ...
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Stripline (with target impedance) between ground and power planes?
The common idea for a stripline is that the trace is sandwiched between two ground planes.
My question: is it the same, for the purpose of characteristic impedance, to have a ground plane or a power (...
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Why is 50ohm sometimes used as a differential impedance?
I'm creating a design where I convert an RF single-ended signal to a differential signal with a 5400BL15B050E RF balun that is then fed to a ADL5802 RF mixer. The balun datasheet specifies the single ...
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The explanation about why do we define the formula of Characteristic impedance,propagation constant and Velocity propagation
There is a long transmission line
1.Characteristic impedance \$Z_C=\sqrt{\frac{z}{y}}=\sqrt{\frac{impedance}{admittance}}\$,and in the lossless line,\$Z_C=\sqrt{\frac{L}{C}}\$
2.propagation ...
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Physics behind signal reflections and series termination
I have been looking for cause of signal reflections in transmission lines. Everywhere it is concluded that the reason is impedance mismatch. I can understand if the impedance changes in the path of ...
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Transmission Line Impedance 3 phase
I have the following question that I can't seem to figure out. The question ask to solve for the impedance of a 3ph transmission line. I've found the De (distance relative distance) and XL using the ...
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Confusion in understanding characteristic impedance and input impedance of an open circuited transmission line
The characteristic impedance Zo can be derived by considering LC sections throughout the line with open circuit at the end of the line, and this value is independent of length of the transmission line ...
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Impedance matching to minimize VSWR
I was trying to determine what the impact of impedance mismatching would be to an RF output and I came across this.
About half way down the page, the author makes this claim.
In general, if the ...
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Ringing problems on the output of inverter/comparator
I'm trying to drive some RF switches that need 0 to -5 V control logic with a 0 to 3.3 V signal. I found 2 topologies for this level shifting effect, one using a comparator and one using an inverter. ...
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