Questions tagged [ground]
Ground or earth is the reference point in an electrical circuit from which other voltages are measured, or is a common return path for electric current, or a direct physical connection to the Earth.
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Dirty VS clean ground: How to tie grounds?
I am trying to understand when grounds can be connected together and when they should not be. So far, I have learned the following:
Clean grounds should be connected together, as should dirty grounds....
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How do I mark pads on the PCB footprint as not used in KiCad?
I'm using KiCad to design a PCB. I'm using Raspberry Pi Pico, which has a number of GND pins (for designer's convenience).
The symbol/footprint I have (downloaded somewhere from the Internet) have ...
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How does a socket grounding tester work?
I'm curious about how socket grounding testers like these work: https://www.amazon.com/Amprobe-ST-102B-Socket-Tester-GFCI/dp/B008E07HM2/.
I'm also curious about what kind of false positives they could ...
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Arduino Nano freezes at random times when motor is connected
I am to run a motor and control it with an Arduino Nano. I want to send signals to the nano with the usage of an nrf24l01. The correct use is that by default the motor will spin at a certain speed and ...
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Voltage divider network 12V / 24V option to UVLO pin of LED driver
I have a voltage divider network with R1 and R2 and another R2 in parellel but not connected to ground. I have a dip switch where turning it on changes to 24V so it adds the second R2 to ground.
Can ...
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Where to connect transformer ground?
I am rewinding a transformer that got fried. It is a single phase, reducing transformer.
On the primary we have mains, and the secondary is tapped at different points. See figure for details.
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Bidirectional TVS between field ground and analog ground
I'd like to know why this circuit has a TVS diode between both grounds.
The field ground is the physical ground used in the circuit and the analog ground is used for 6 analog signals (between 4 and ...
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Ground detection circuit
I'm designing a circuit containing a button with a pull-up/pull-down logic depending on whether I'm grounding a header. The button triggers a GPIO that will detect if the header is grounded thanks to ...
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Ground plane for PCB Antenna
I'm working on a PCB and want to incorporate a 2.4GHz PCB antenna but am a bit confused on how to handle the ground plane(s). This is a 4-layer PCB with Signals (and ground pour) on the top layer, ...
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Managing Ground Return for High Surge Currents in LED Capacitor Discharge Circuit
I have a use-case in which I require four bulk capacitors (470uF) charged to 6.4V. Each separate bulk capacitor will be used to provide the necessary energy to pulse a string of three LEDs at 5μs ...
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24 VDC system and metal ground
I've built a rubber tracked mobile robot and it has a metal chassis.
I use a 24 VDC 30 Ah battery to power a system which includes two DC motors, motor controllers, an industrial PC and some sensors.
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To which ground should TVS or ESD diodes connect?
I am designing a circuit with both signal ground and earth. As far as I know, a TVS should be connected to the earth.
What if there is a huge voltage different between the ground and the earth?
Let ...
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Errors in Schematic made in Altium Designer
I am using Altium Designer as ECAD tool for first time to create the schematics. There are few errors which are popping up and I don't know how to get rid of those errors.
First one is regarding HI ...
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XMOS XCORE 60-pin QFN footprint ground pad
I'm designing a PCB that uses an XMOS XCORE microcontroller (XU316-1024-QF60B-C24) and the only GND connection it presents is the middle ground pad. I couldn't find any example of how this is supposed ...
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How to link GND vias to the GND plane
I know that it's possible for the GND vias to connect to the GND signal layer in a 4 layer stack. How do I achieve this?
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Signal Ground near Earth POE
I have Earth Ground 48V poured around the components before our diode array. I have three seperate ground planes, one for Earth, one for our POE components before the transformer, and our signal 5V ...
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Ground Plane Method
I am designing a PCB to handle some modifications as a stepping stone from a well designed pcb from professionals to what my modifications need to be.
I have poured ground on top and bottom and joined ...
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Best way to indicate a good ground connection?
I'm working with 120VAC, and I'd like to have an LED indicator light showing that there is a connection to ground (earth). Like the way a receptacle tester does.
I could connect the LED between hot ...
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Why do I measure a voltage between me and the hot wire?
If I plug one lead of a multimeter to the outlet phase wire and the other lead to my hand, why does it show 100 V when I stand in carpet, and 150 V when I stand at pure floor? What causes that voltage?...
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Will this driver circuitry work as intended to switch half-bridge FETs?
Given that the PWM_H signal is referenced to SGND and the driver is referenced to VSW (switch node of the half bridge), will the gate driver function correctly without a connection between the driver'...
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Trying to get 5 V using MT3608 (step-up boost) but without success
I designed a circuit to generate 5 V using a 3.7 V battery and an MT3608. The main problem is that I can't get 5 V but just 3.5-3.9 V, even after changing resistors.
I tried everything:
Changing R1 ...
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What is the exact reason for grounding (earthing) of a transformer? [duplicate]
I have some misunderstandings with the grounding of a transformer. As far as I know, the utility transformer's (the last transformer before my mains plug) neutral point (star-connected point of 3 ...
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If RF signals require matched impedance to remove reflections, why do approaches to shunt noise need only a “good path to ground?”
From my understanding, for signals to propagate without reflection the impedance of the path must be constant and can be shown via the telegraph equation.
When it comes to noise on the line, for ...
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How to determine your ground is connected to earth
I have a tester at a remote (international) site that has been having test failures. We traced the problem to a noise issue.
We were investigating the noise issues with the test/tester and ...
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Why do the metal sticks (for the ground) on the ground plane antenna reflect and not absorb?
From my current knowledge, any metal whether grounded (and or earthed) or not will reflect radio waves as seen on dishes, Faraday cages, etc. On the other side the ground in transmission lines or the ...
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Via process when implementing GCPW in RO4003 + FR-4 multilayer structure
I am currently developing an RF board that receives up to 8GHz. The board consists of a multi-layer structure combining Ro4003C (8mil) and FR-4. The connector I will be using for the RF board is a ...
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What is the exact function of this device connected between ground and neutral?
This is the photo of the power distribution panel inside industrial building. On the left most, next to the two thick wires colored yellow/green so as it is likely to be the "ground" we see ...
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Ground fault detection on an ROV
I'm helping my friend's kid with a school project where their team has to produce a small ROV. Most of their design I was able to review and help make corrections with them but I'm stumped at one ...
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Safety of grounded and isolated AC in medical systems
Introduction
I try to make more sense of safety and reliability of grounded and isolated electricity. I divided the problem into 3 stages:
Power-transmission line
Household electricity
Electrical ...
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Potential difference with ground
I think the potential difference (top) between the voltage sources is either 6V (15-9) or 15V (the bigger one wins?).
The potential difference between the resistor and V1 is -15V.
Is this correct?
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How best to match and ground antenna?
An example of RF AM modulation:
https://www.ee-diary.com/2021/12/am-modulator-using-bjt-transistor.html
It is clear that the output is on point C4 and the circuit has a RF function, so I need an ...
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PCB ground plane oscillation [closed]
I always wondered if PCB ground plane can do harm when talking about amplifiers. When I say harm I mean oscillations, humming, or buzzing. Because I always thought, that PCB ground plane is like a ...
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On Circuits with Multiple Grounds
Just wish to make sure of something: in the circuit below, it makes no sense to speak of "the voltage at \$B\$ with respect to ground" without specifying which ground we are speaking of, ...
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Precautions when using multiple analog devices on same circuit
I have a KP236N6165XTMA1 5V analog pressure sensor and a SHT31-ARP-B 3.3V analog temperature and humidity sensor on the same circuit, connected to the same ground plane (see v0.2 schematic bellow).
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RS232 : dedicated signal ground or common with power ground?
I'm designing the PCB for a robot, where I plan to add some connectors for external RS232 tools (provided by the client).
Each connector will provide power (either 24 or 48V, at 5A max) and an RS232 ...
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Connecting every other DIN terminal to each other
I am building a custom panel. My output DIN terminals are supposed to be in this order: Power, Ground, Power, Ground, Power, Ground.... I cannot find a proper way (jumpers or bars) to connect them. ...
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Symbol for ground vs symbol for a battery [closed]
Could anyone help me to understand if this picture is correct?
It is to understand the difference between the symbol of a battery terminals and the symbol of a ground terminal.
I would also ...
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Why are signals reflected from an antennas dish as opposed to being absorbed?
I am trying to learn in the area of electromagnetic noise ect.
I see online that a Faraday cage can work without been contected to ground (like the ones found on radio PCBs.) It sort of makes sense to ...
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Why do I get shocked from my laptop? How do I stop it in my own designs? [duplicate]
Recently, I noticed my MacBook gave me a small shock when it was plugged in and I only touched the very corner of it with my palm. It was fine if I gave it enough contact by resting both palms on the ...
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Should two different DC power supply GNDs be connected to each other on a PCB?
I'm making a small project that drives a few DC motors with H-bridges.
+12V DC will come from one DC power supply (regulated to 10V for motors,) and then +5V will come from another (different) DC ...
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Earthing: TN in TT installation?
Something odd happened at work today: the whole building installation is TT, just like the whole country. L1-L2-L3 supplied to the transformer and then L1-L2-L3-N goes to the loads.
I noticed that we ...
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Grounding in power electronics
I'm designing a three-phase inverter and have been looking up information online with respect to grounding, which led me to a somewhat misapprehension.
In my system I firstly planned on separating the ...
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Why connecting two secondary windings together in an aiding dot-orientation parallel configuration will result in no output?
I need clarification on what would happen if the transformer is in aiding dot-orientation parallel configuration as shown below.
Would that be the same as connecting two batteries, in parallel, as ...
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Why would an in series-opposition center-tapped transformer not be used to drive a circuit?
I understand that if a center-tapped transformer is connected in series-opposition as in the image below, there would be no voltage across both circuit terminals. But can the individual voltage ...
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How does common ground work in this Arduino project?
I just saw a video on YouTube explaining common ground with an Arduino, leading to some headaches. I'm a beginner, so I apologize for a primitive question and a primitive description.
In the video, he ...
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How can I get a relation between flux and charge from memristor schematic?
I am simulating the schematic of the memristor and getting a response between current and voltage. From this, how can I get a relation between flux and charge? I also did not get the current and ...
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Measurement of resistance of the Earth
From "Learning the Art of Electronics" by T. Hayes and P. Horowitz (Cambridge University Press, 2016):
If we attempt to use a digital multimeter to measure the resistance between A and B, ...
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Sharing ground between circuit and audio input?
I'm trying to build a VU meter circuit, and followed this guide/diagram (link)
I understand how the circuit should work in theory (mainly the OP-amps and the "logic"), except for the ground ...
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Turning a DFR0299 MP3 player on and off using N-channel MOSFET
New to electronic circuits design.
I have this MP3 player connected to ESP32, I want to turn it on and off using a N-channel MOSFET, where it turns on when sending high signal and off when sending low ...
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Can Y-Cap Remove DC Offset between Grounds?
I ask this question because I saw this in an Altium article:
In power systems, be careful how you use a capacitor to ground to ensure a consistent ground reference. Y-rated capacitors are best in ...
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