Questions tagged [propagation]
The propagation tag has no usage guidance.
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0answers
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Propagation delay in full adder models
From my last question Propgation delay
I tried to solve for the time delay that occurs at the last carry
Not sure if I have done it right .. Please correct me if I m wrong
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1answer
37 views
Propgation delay
I want to compare performance of 4-bit full adder vs sequantial (serial ) adder with one D flip flop ..
The two models are in the followig figures
Combinational adder:
Serial adder:
Lets say in ...
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4answers
916 views
How is it possible to drive VGA displays at such high pixel clock frequencies?
I'm working on a digital circuit using discrete components to drive a 640x480 VGA display in a 80x30 text mode.
For a 640x480 display, the pixel clock is 25.175MHz, which has a period around 40ns. I ...
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1answer
32 views
What is the mode of a square waveguide \$TE_{11}\$ that is deformed into a circle?
I am trying to solve the 2013 paper set by ISRO for electrical engineers. I want some help to solve Question no 17 is correct.
So I don't even know how to approach the problem, what will be the new ...
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1answer
91 views
How to understand Transmission and Propogation delay formula
I have three questions below. I would like to understand how their respective answers were reached, this is a question in my current class and everyone in the class has A-Level mathematics experience -...
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1answer
73 views
What kind of modulation technique and carrier frequency is used for interplanetary communication such as between the Earth and Mars? [closed]
I have just come across this wind sound coming from pressure sensor of Insight lander which is in Mars at the moment.
I know basically that AM, FM, PSK, FSK ect. all have disadvantages and advantages ...
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2answers
98 views
how to calculate the tpdhl / tpdlh for any given circuit
i am struggling on calculating the tpdhl / tplh i dont know how to calculate is there any algorethim for the way we calculate the time propagation high to low etc.. several questions asking to take ...
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1answer
44 views
wave propagation ( pict) [closed]
Can someone explain to me what is a meaning of the starred items in this picture?
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1answer
109 views
Calculate radiation power of an antenna in respect to a given antenna radiation pattern and a given angle
I work on a program that simulates the wave propagation of high frequency electromagnetic waves (2.4 or 5 GHz Bands) in 3D. I use a ray launching approach, where the emitted rays approximate the ...
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1answer
38 views
True near field distance for a short monopole antenna
Antenna properties:
Height x Diameter = 3.3 inches x 1.4 inches
Test Frequency: 900 MHz
(Wavelength = 33 cm or 13 inches)
I see some conflicting formulas to calculate the near field distance for ...
1
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1answer
46 views
Decide coherent time and fade duration through empirical studies on the channel and relate them to channel modeling
I. Scenario:
TX floating in the lossy heterogeneous medium with undetermined positions within a limited region;
RX fixed in the air and closed to the boundary of air-lossy medium;
Frequency: 500 MHz
...
0
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2answers
333 views
How does an RS-latch work in the presence of propagation delays?
I've long wondered how an RS-latch can work, given the existence of propagation delays.
If the nor-gates have non-zero propagation delays (aka gate delays), wouldn't it need to be the case that:
The ...
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1answer
1k views
calculating propagation delay
We assume that every gate's delay is (microsecond). what is total propagation delay?
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2answers
126 views
Measure S21 between 2 antennas at certain frequency using a Spectrum Analyzer
RX antenna is connected to the Spectrum Analyzer whose reading is regarded as P_RX. TX antenna is connected to a transceiver module that is set to work at the target frequency and emit certain power (...
0
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1answer
62 views
How very high frequencies (VHF) are propagated during night over large distances?
I am new in telecomunications and this question just came up today and I coudn't find an explanation.
Here is the most common model for the ionosphere:
The ionosphere layer E is the main resposible ...
0
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1answer
365 views
Ripple carry adder doubt
In a 4 bit ripple carry adder 4 full adders are connected serially, one FA waits for the carry input from the previous FA. My question is, when calculating the propagation delay, should we assume that ...
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1answer
104 views
Impulse shorter than propagation delay
In an exercise I got an example circuit
For one question, there is \$S(t_0)=1\$ for just \$T/3\$ (third of propagation delay [confusingly called transmission delay here] of every gate in circuit). ...
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1answer
150 views
Does Longley–Rice model model takes into consideration Fresnel zone?
To an extent I understand Fresnel zone.But do know how Longley–Rice model takes Fresnel zone? In other words, how Fresnel zone concepts takes into account by the Longley–Rice model? Any comment would ...
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1answer
64 views
Do number of reflections depend on frequency?
Consider there is a transmitter at A and receiver at B and transmitter is transmitting radio waves. Further there are obstacles of different sizes in between A and B. Now if we increase the frequency ...
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2answers
69 views
Can we conclude from Friis formula that high frequency mean more loss.
I am trying to understand the Friis transmission formula: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friis_transmission_equation From the equation in terms of directivity can we conclude that higher the frequency ...
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0answers
35 views
Can there a be a situation where two way propagation model is important in GHz range?
I assume that applicability different propagation model for wireless channel depends on the frequency of operation and the kind of obstacles or channel under consideration. My question is can anyone ...
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1answer
2k views
Propagation delay in full adder
I'm dealing with a question about an implementation of a full adder with component delays.
tpd(XOR) = 5 ns
tpd(AND) = 2 ns
tpd(OR) = 2 ns
I'm having problems solving for the the propagation delay ...
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1answer
46 views
How surface refractivity affect radio propagation?
This question is related to the following link and Longley-Rice Propagation Model
https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/p/R-REC-P.453-11-201507-S!!PDF-E.pdf
In the Longley-Rice Propagation Model ...
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1answer
236 views
What does 80% or 60% of Fresnel zone mean?
This refers to the link https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_zone
In the link it is mentioned that:
The rule of thumb is that the primary Fresnel zone would ideally be 80% clear of obstacles, but ...
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3answers
63 views
What is white-space transmission loss?
This question refers to the link below:
http://www.brighthubengineering.com/consumer-appliances-electronics/102752-the-longley-rice-propagation-model-and-tv-white-space-for-ultra-wifi/
What does this ...
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0answers
118 views
Propagation delay and arrival time
I am trying to determine the arrival of signals from 3 separate beacons to point x. I have found the distances from x to each beacon as well the propagating wave speed but I do not know how to ...
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0answers
60 views
Signal decimator/down-sample with lowest propagation delay
I would like to frequency-divide a 10 MHz digital signal by a factor of 8 or 16, with the lowest possible propagation delay. I need a propagation delay that is at most 5-10 ns. The best solution I ...
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4answers
2k views
Are there types of standard coaxial cable with a propagation velocity of 0.9c? What would be the application?
Reading this answer I was surprised to hear that there are "excellent" kinds of coaxial cable with a propagation speed of 0.9c; 90% the speed of light.
The bargain basement number is about 2/3c, and ...
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1answer
2k views
Transition time (rise time) and propagation delay
Recently in class I have encountered the following calculation of the propagation delay of the following digital circuit:
Could anyone please explain to me the addition of the rising time of X2 and C?...
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2answers
117 views
How does modules in an asynchronous circuit know when to signal that their output is ready?
I have recently become fascinated by asynchronous CPUs, which have no central clock and each module instead sends a signal, when their data has been processed. However, I have been wondering how such ...
0
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1answer
66 views
How to calculate latency of integrated product?
Is there a standard model for estimating the additional clocking latency which needs to be applied based on product interconnects?
For example: Lets say a DDR memory has a switching time of 1 ns.
...
0
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1answer
142 views
Complex RSSI dBm calculations with shield
I have a little bit of problem understanding complex attenuation calculations when there is a shield involved between the transmitter and the receiver.
Let's take a simple example:
We have a ...
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2answers
574 views
Near field magnetic & electric wave impedance formulas
I am looking for the exact formulas for the impedance of an electric and magnetic wave in the near field region.
We have some approximates:
Zwe≈ 1 / (ω * ε0 *r)
Zwm≈ (ω * µ0 *r)
where r is the ...
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1answer
483 views
Effect of changing the length of an inverter's N-mos transistor on the propagation delay
let's say we want to check the time it takes for our source Vdd to charge a capacitor through an inverter network. changing the width of the P-mos transistor will make more current flow, thus ...
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5answers
2k views
Why does more bandwidth guarantee high bit rate?
The definition of bandwidth is frequency range and it seems to be correct to say that higher bandwidth guarantees higher data rate.
However, i do not understand why it does.
Data rate depends on ...
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2answers
2k views
What causes the difference in tPLH and tPHL?
What causes the difference in propagation delays, for example on the SN7404N inverter, \$ t_{PLH} = 12-22 \$ ns, and \$ t_{PHL} = 8-15 \$ ns. Why is one longer than the other? Does it have to do with ...
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2answers
723 views
Atmospheric attenuation calculation for a 1550nm link budget
My apologies in advance if this is the wrong place to ask this question. I was told that there were some RF communications experts here, so i figured there might be some FSO experience here as well.
...
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1answer
597 views
Propagation delay in 4 inverter w/l ratio
hi guys, I was given a task on optimizing propagation delay of four inverters using cadence software. The circuit connection is shown in above figure. I was asked to change the ratio of w/l for pmos ...
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1answer
69 views
How to find the polarization (phase) of the virtual source if image theory is used
Consider a radiating element (actual source) is placed above a ground plane, and if we apply image theory to determine the E-filed, the virtual source will be placed below the ground plane and ground ...
3
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1answer
4k views
Propagation delay of a digital logic circuit
I'm trying to answer a question on propagation delay. The question is:
Assuming the propagation delays for different circuits are as follow:
4 ns for XOR gate,
3 ns for OR gate,
5 ns for NAND gate ...
3
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1answer
348 views
How much is the propagation velocity affected by the characteristic impedance?
Someone posted the (very educational!) video Similiarities of Wave Behavior from 1959 in another answer, and after watching the part about impedance mismatches, it strikes me that the propagation ...
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1answer
175 views
How the relationship between input and output is derived in a comparator?
In the slide 6 of the page about propagation delay of a comparator, the time relationship between input and output is as below. However, I am not sure how the function between input and output voltage ...
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4answers
2k views
How important is gate delay when designing a Circuit?
First year EE student here, we've been learning about CMOS Inverters in class and about the of logic gates, but it hasn't really been mentioned how much this effects the design of a Circuit in ...
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1answer
735 views
Propagation delay
For my master thesis, I need to measure the propagation delay of the modules of my implementation. I use Quartus II to do so. My goal is to measure the critical path of my modules. I have read a lot ...
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2answers
1k views
Why do EM waves with longer wavelengths propagate longer distances?
AM radio signals use carrier waves which are quite longer than in FM case. We know that in free space both high and low freq. RF signals should take the same distance in same period of time.
There ...
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1answer
891 views
propagation delay (low -> high / high-> low)
i build a 2x2 bit multiplier circuit where i take a number (a1a0) and multiply it by (b1b0) .
and im asked to calculate the time propagation from high to low , and from low to high for every input to ...
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1answer
186 views
Does the Free Space Path Loss model apply to all types of electromagnetic waves, including light?
The free-space path loss model describes the attenuation of the electromagnetic (EM) signal as a function of the distance between Tx and ...
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4answers
2k views
How does a logic gate behave with an input changing faster than its propagation delay?
I am attempting to create a simple logic circuit simulator. I am having a hard time figuring out how does a logic gate behave with an input changing faster than its propagation delay.
When attempting ...
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1answer
1k views
near field power density formula for a dipole antenna
I am looking for a formula for near field power density from a dipole antenna antenna. Is cylindrical model is sufficient? Do I have to consider ground reflection too? Please share your ideas?
0
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1answer
563 views
Two-Ray Ground Propagation Model or Free Space Propagation Model
May I know that when we want to estimate outdoor transmission performance between two wireless points, which model,Two-Ray Ground Propagation Model or Free Space Propagation Model is more suitable?
...
