Questions tagged [waveform]
The shape of a value (usually voltage) when graphed over time.
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Getting a square wave as a output of op-amp
I have the following op-amp circuit and i am trying to find out what is the open loop gain.
In order to make this simulation properly, we need to make sure that the
DC operation of the amplifier is ...
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Why is the output voltage (without capacitor) of a boost converter seen as a perfect square wave?
I am trying to learn about boost converters, but I don't understand why the images of the voltage output always seems to be like a square wave PWM. I understand that assuming perfect inductors, the ...
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Improving waveform shape in discrete Pierce oscillator with Schmitt trigger output
I am making a simple clock source using discrete Pierce oscillator with its output attached to high speed Schmitt trigger buffer to get square wave in the final output.
I got the circuit for the ...
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Problem generating two asymmetrical pulse waves
I am trying to generate two pulse waveforms with a on to off time ratio of around 40/60. The max amplitude is only 5 V however the switching frequency is quite high at around 100 kHz.
The two ...
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PFC Boost with LT1242
I have tried a PFC Boost simulation with lt1242. The specification is Input Voltage Range = 90 to 264 Vac, Output Voltage = 400 Vdc. I have got the result but I am not sure does this make sense at all ...
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Define the expression by the waveform [closed]
Could you explain how to define the expression for the dead time \$\theta\$?
$$f_{1}=\frac{2}{2\pi }\int_{\theta }^{\pi -\theta }{V}_{in}\sin(\omega t)d\omega t
$$
$$f_{1}=-\frac{2{V}_\text{in}}{2\pi ...
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Which waveform leads the other: A or B?
If you only look at the waveforms A and B below, can you determine which one leads or lags the other?
One person argues that A leads B because the first rising edge of A occurs before the first ...
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1.2/50 us Combinational Wave Generator (Surge Test) Simulation - Help Needed
I am looking for assistance in editing my LTspice simulation for the design mentioned in the title. I have provided the design and output (open + short circuit) expectations (First two screenshots), ...
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Modify PKPk of a square waveform
I'm trying to make a circuit that takes takes 2 input:
A DC voltage (3-12 V range)
A 5 V (PKPk) square waveform (the frequency doesn't matter)
Then gives as output a voltage with the same frequency ...
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How to calculate the average voltage and VRMS of a non sinusoidal waveform [duplicate]
I need to calculate the average voltage and VRMS of this.
It's given that Vp=41V, Vn=-6V and T=13ms.
I know the answer for the average voltage is 12.8V, but I can't find the formula that gets this ...
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BLDC motor - strange phase waveforms
I trying implement bldc motor driver based on below schematic.
The color circles on schematic correspond to waveforms from oscilloscope (all probes are connected to common GND of MCU and PSU that ...
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What is the simplest way to boost the output of a waveform generator to drive a piezo mesh?
I am trying to generate a ~40vpp sine waveform with a Rigol DG1022Z. Its maximum is 20Vpp.
I want to test the device at frequency ranges of a piezo device from 40kHz to up to 200kHz. This is to drive ...
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Derivative of a waveform
I am self studying linear circuits and I came to a very basic problem.
The problem:
$$y(t) = e^{-t} u(t)$$
where \$u(t)\$ is the step function.
Calculate the derivative of \$y(t)^{\prime}\$.
My take ...
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Square wave generator without op-amp
I am trying to make a square wave generator but don't have an op-amp nor the PNP transistor to do it. Is there any way that works? I have tried using this one:
simulate this circuit – Schematic ...
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50 Ω or high-Z setting on waveform generator?
I have an arbitrary waveform generator that allows me to set the load as 50 Ω or high-Z.
This generator is connected to an amplifier that has as input an unbalanced BNC connector, 10 kΩ, single-ended.
...
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Why does the amplitude of my output signal increase when I increase frequency of the input signal?
The signal generator outputs a sine wave into an LED which emits light onto a photodiode. The photodiode is connected in a TIA circuit and then the output is displayed on an oscilloscope.
The ...
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Is it normal for a square signal to change into a sine shape at high frequencies?
The signal generator outputs a square wave into an LED which emits light onto a photodiode. The photodiode is connected in a TIA circuit and then output is displayed on an oscilloscope.
The output ...
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Quality Check of a Brushless DC motor on an oscilloscope
I am Quality Checking some BLDC(Brushless DC) motors with an oscilloscope by connecting the BLDC to a drill, running it and viewing the output on my oscilloscope. I have been checking the Vpp(Peak to ...
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Effects of ferrite isolator on waveform
I have recently measured the standing wave signal from a waveguide. I notice that as the frequency is lowered the signal tends towards a sawtooth wave.
**
My guess for why this happens is that the EM ...
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UTG900E output specification
The datasheet of UTG900E Waveform generator says it can output up to 10 Vpp on a 50 ohm load, but in chapter 3.3.1 is stated the load can be set between 1 and 999 ohm.
Nowhere in the datasheet I see ...
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Spikes on IGBT's turn-on waveforms
Here are the ideal IGBT turn-on waveforms and the actual waveforms from my own gate driver.
What causes the spikes on the actual waveforms at t0?
Idealized gate turn-on waveforms
IGBT Turn-on ...
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Generating sawtooth waveform
I am trying to generate a sawtooth waveform between 0 and 1 which would have a frequency upto 200 kHz. I run this piece of code within a Matlab function block - it works fine up to 10 kHz, but higher ...
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Using RC lowpass filter at the MCP4802 DAC output (Arduino Nano waveform generator) [duplicate]
I have code on Arduino Nano that has predefined array of 4 waveforms (square, sawtooth, triangle, sine).
The array has, for each of the waveforms, 256 values where each value is 8 bit.
The speed, at ...
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How to design a function generator (Arduino Nano) to filter out noise of different signals?
I have an Arduino Nano-based function (sine, sawtooth, triangular, square) generator. Basically it is an Arduino Nano connected to a MCP4802 DAC, whose output is connected to an RC lowpass filter. ...
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Is it possible to change Arduino Nano sine wave frequency without using PWM? [closed]
I have a program that generates a sine wave (array with predefined 8 bit values) on an Arduino Nano.
...
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What protocol is this waveform?
I'm trying to reverse engineer a communication line between two components. However for debugging I'm connecting to only one of them, powering it up and looking at the signal. I have no experience ...
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How to deal with incorrect optical encoder waveform?
Summarize the problem:
TLDR: I am having trouble reading the signals from an optical encoder to track the position of a stepper motor(I know that it’s redundant to use encoders on stepper motors. It’s ...
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TL072 weird output when used as buffer
Dear all, I tried to use TL072CP op amp as a buffer, however to my surprise it outputs a perfect triangular wave with reduced amplitude when given sine wave input of 150kHz and I have used a 12V and -...
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Current through MOSFET of ideal forward converter
I am asked to sketch the current through the MOSFET of an ideal forward converter. I simulated a forward converter in LTspice and found that when the MOSFET was on, the MOSFET current and input ...
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How to generate waveform values for storing in an EEPROM?
I need to program an old EEPROM with 16 different waveforms: triangle, rectangle, sine, etc.
Is there a method that can encode a given waveform into an array of values like you can do in a spreadsheet?...
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Using a SSR for passing a DC PWM Signal that has positive and negative waveform
I am trying to control the PWM signal to a solenoid via an SSR by passing one leg through it to control the on/off.
I have tried 3 different SSR's and none of them fully stop the signal, I still get a ...
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Op-amp triangular wave DC offset
I want to generate a triangular wave that has no negative component using op-amps. The method I am employing to generate the wave form is described here, and can be seen in this image:
As in the ...
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Guitar distortion pedal gain
I am working on a custom distortion pedal. Here is the circuit:
As we can see, we have the following flow:
Input buffer -> gain stage with hard clipping -> buffer -> tone control using ...
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125 kHz Arduino RDM6300 read issue
I've tried to read a 125 kHz signal with an Arduino using an RDM6300 module, but it didn't work.
I tried to catch the signal with Audacity. Please find attached photo with the signal.
How can I catch ...
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What is the reason for the "back porch" current requirement on an SCR gate driver?
I am studying SCR gate drivers at the moment and I would like to understand their fundamentals.
Looking at a SCR datasheet (for example, this one section 7 or this application note fig 6 p4,) one see ...
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Highish power/frequency sine wave generator
Below I'm showing an excitation signal for an ultrasonic system I'm curious about. It is driving ~ a 10 ohm load (outputting 5 watts). Does anyone have an idea what circuit would generate a waveform ...
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Common-collector gain for guitar pedal
I am currently working on a distortion pedal. I have just made the initial input buffer to prevent loading the source signal. It is simply an NPN transistor in an emitter follower (common collector) ...
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Triangle wave generator won't oscillate - breadboard build
I am to trying breadboard a square and triangle generator similar to this one.
While there were a couple of differences (such as a potentiometer) in my original schematic, this simplified one still ...
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SCPI for SIGLENT SDG2042X
I have been writing python automating scripts for an O-scope and an AWG. I am having issues sending Arbitrary waveforms to the AWG, the model is Siglent SDG2042X. I have the manual and it has an ...
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RC differentiator behavior
I'm reading AoE, there is a figure (p.26) for RC differentiator output and input voltages for step 5V input voltage with different slew rates (\$dV_{in}/dt\$). (It's time domain part. Only the rising ...
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Constructive Interference of two AC waveforms [closed]
Is this correct?
We have two AC waveforms of the same phase.
4000V 0.03 amps -> 120W
12V 60 amps -> 720W
Total Watts 840W
If these two waves undergo constructive interference:
4012 * 60.03 -&...
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Smooth wave plotting using 3 inch thermal printer [closed]
I am interfacing 3 inch Fujitsu thermal printer (FTP-638MCL103) with STM32. Character printing is working fine. I am struggling to print smooth sine waves generated from a function generator.
I want ...
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How do you sketch a signal given by x(t) = A(t/T) for time period 0 to T? Does t/T simply denote that the signal covers entire duration of T?
Does t/T simply mean that the signal has magnitude A over the entire "T" duration? Or does it mean that it covers only a fraction? How will it look?
I tried assuming A to be some magnitude ...
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How to enrich harmonics in audio?
I'm designing a guitar pedal to boost harmonics in the signal here: Falstad Link
I'm wondering if there are ways to boost harmonics that don't clip the signal, as well as any adjustments I should make ...
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Difference between waveform and truth table [closed]
Is there a difference between waveform and truth table to represent the values of a circuit?
For example:
Are there particular cases where one or the other should be used?
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Triangular waveform with low noise
I have a task to generate a triangular signal with variable amplitude and support.
The figure shows the type of signal and what parameters I want to change (“d” and “o”). Moreover, I need to change ...
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How can I generate this waveform?
I am trying to generate this waveform:
basically a ramped square wave with a maximum frequency of 1KHz.
My first thought was to use the DAC pin of a microcontroller, but are there any ICs that can do ...
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Op-amp square wave to triangle wave converter not working as expected
A follow-up to a similar question from yesterday since the problem I've run into has differed enough to warrant something more than an edit.
I have built an integrator to act as a 5V 32Hz square wave ...
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Square wave to triangle wave converter using Op-Amp not working
I have built an integrator to act as a 5V 30Hz square wave to triangle wave converter.
My output currently looks like this.
I am unsure why. The value of the triangle wave amplitude, according to ...
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Creating a low frequency triangle wave with PWM from an MCU
I am trying to generate a 30Hz triangle wave from a MSP430FR5994 MCU (specifically with the MSP430FR5994 Development Kit. The reason why I am trying to do this is for a Continuous Wave, Frequency ...
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