I thought about this question when I read an interesting comment by @Simon Fitch in [his answer][1]. In the complementary amplifier stage, in total there are three "pulling" elements - Q2 is a "pull-down" transistor when Vin is negative, Q1 is a "pull-up" transistor when Vin is positive, and the load RL is constantly a "pull-middle" resistor :-) <!-- Begin schematic: In order to preserve an editable schematic, please don't edit this section directly. Click the "edit" link below the image in the preview instead. --> ![schematic](https://i.sstatic.net/UR79E.png) <!-- End schematic --> [![Push-pull graph][2]][2] However, for some reason, this configuration is called "push-pull" stage. So there should also be a "pushing" element. My question is, "What is it?" [1]: https://electronics.stackexchange.com/a/663830/61398 [2]: https://i.sstatic.net/mmYAw.png