Here is what happens the "very first" time the wave starts from the generator ... [![enter image description here][1]][1] Write that the Voltages of incident wave + reflected wave = voltage of transmitted wave : \$Wi+Wr = W12= 1 + (Z2-Z1)/(Z2+Z1)\$ \$=(Z2+Z1+Z2-Z1)/(Z2+Z1)\$ \$=2*Z2/(Z2+Z1)\$. And when the wave come from the other side ... [![enter image description here][2]][2] [1]: https://i.sstatic.net/NnVY5.png [2]: https://i.sstatic.net/n4JyQ.png