As @PlasmaHH [commented](http://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/272361/are-there-standards-for-digital-sensor-links/272362#comment614814_272361):

[![XKCD 927 Standards][1]][1]<br/>
<span style="font-size:60%">[XKCD: Standards](https://xkcd.com/927/) by Randall Munroe, CC-BY-NC 2.5-licensed </span>

So, no. There's not a standard, mostly because everyone has a different idea of what's the best way to do something specific with a lot of freedom in implementation. Part of the problem certainly is a lack of willingness to standardize on the side of semiconductor manufacturers – which is certainly why saying "SPI" isn't enough, but you still have to specify clock polarity and signal/clock phase – giving you four non-interchangeable, yet easily convertible SPI "versions".


  [1]: https://i.sstatic.net/MUFnr.png