In addition to the DC conditions you already mentioned,  it also depends on how much there is bus capacitance and at what speed you want to communicate to determine how much current (or power) you want to spend to communicate at higher speeds.

Basically the distance between devices does not affect the pull-up values, but longer distance adds capacitance which you must charge fast enough to communicate at the speed you want so if you assumed short distance has small capacitance then larger distance has larger capacitance and then you may need to change pull-ups or communicate at slower speed.