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In this setup, the mutual capacitance among any given pair of windings will be the same as any other, which simplifies the measurement problem. …

That procedure will tell you which meter happens to be better calibrated for that particular value of current at that moment in time. The manufacturer's specifications (assuming they aren't lying) co …

0.1° absolute accuracy would be pretty much state of the art. The only non-contact ways I can think of to get to that level involve either radio signals (e.g., GPS interferometry) or optical signals ( …

It really is implicit in the math, and has nothing to do with any particular measurement method. But you do need to understand how the measurements you're making relate to the theory. …

The best way to deal with this is to turn the measurement into a differential one. For example, if your moving plate is grounded, you could have two fixed plates, one on either side of it. …

In a nutshell, the first opamp and the transistor work together to draw a current through the 100Ω resistor such that the voltage drop across it matches the voltage drop across the 0.01Ω sense resisto …

What you are describing IS time-of-flight, if I'm understanding what you're saying. You're just using the time-of-flight to control the period of an oscillator (by emiiting a new pulse each time you …

I once needed to get an idea of the effective inductance of the primary coil of a custom rotary transformer, so I could get an estimate of its magnetizing current. Since I was driving it with a squar …

Do you understand the concept behind using the Prony Brake for measuring torque? You can use electromechanical feedback (a simple servomechanism) to maintain constant torque at arbitrary speeds.

... it counts the number of pulses at the output of the shift-register No, it uses the shift register U2 to read out the binary value captured in U1 in serial format. That count, divided by the gate …

I would be inclined to split R4 into two resistors, one on each side of R5, feeding the two inputs of the amplifier. Not only will this help eliminate input bias offsets, it will help limit fault curr …

Audio codecs are very linear and very low noise, but they are usually AC-coupled to eliminate DC offsets, and their absolute accuracy (scale factor) is not very tightly controlled, since these aspects …

A passive probe is more than just a 9 MΩ resistor and a piece of coax. First of all, since both the input of the scope and the coax have significant capacitance, there is a compensating capacitor in p …

They calculate it by knowing the tolerances of all the components they used, and knowing how much each component influences the overall measurement. … It isn't a simple proposition, and sometimes it's more expedient to do a Monte-Carlo simulation of the circuit that randomizes the component values and do a statistical measurement of the results. …

Two hints: A voltage source and two resistors is called a "voltage divider". Calculation is straightforward. \$K\$ is a "calibration constant". You adjust its value until the reading matches the tem …