New answers tagged capacitor
3
Your initial impression is incorrect. Here is what the impedance of various capacitors in the same package looks like.
source
In order to get a sufficiency flat power supply impedance over a wide bandwidth, one needs to use a selection of different capacitors.
3
There may be some small benefit. Using a Murata's SimSurfing tool, I graphed the impedance vs. frequency curve for a 2.2uF 0402 (1005 metric) MLCC compared to an 0.1uF one in the same package. The 2.2uF cap is shown in blue in and the 0.1uF in green:
As you can see, the point of resonance is higher in frequency with the 0.1uF, as would be expected of a ...
1
Indeed there is. The most obvious one is cost. Ceramic capacitors of different values in the same FOOTPRINT (not necessarily package since height may vary) do not cost the same.
Beyond that, ceramic capacitors have different impedance curves (due to the different parasitics as you mentioned) and DC bias curves for each combination of capacitance, dielectric,...
14
In addition to Autistic correct answer, the value of C9 (X rated) is a compromise between consuming excessive AC current at 60 HZ while suppressing the voltage spike by about 3dB to 6dB at the transformer primary if power is cut off when the 60HZ sine wave is at or close to peak current. C9 does NOT behave like a MOV or Transzorb, but an active noise filter. ...
11
C9 snubbs the transformer primary inductance .This damps the inductive spike that occurs when the power switch is turned off when current is flowing .This cap is often present on audio systems .
This can save speakers from a turnoff plop sound that can be annoying or even destructive .
1
In addition to Neil_UK and Jason Mason:
Have a look to differential probe projects on EEvblog and others, with the exception than you may not need a differential input signal (actually you need just a half of the differential probe) and probably you also don't need a compensation RC circuitry, also you don't need high bandwidth.
An high input inpedance and ...
2
Sounds like you need a 1000:1 potential divider with a very high impedance.
A simple resistive divider chain using resistors of a very large value plus an opamp with a high impedance input will work. e.g. Use 1G ohm resistor made of 5 x 200 Meg 1206 resistors, and a single 1 Meg 1206 resistor at the bottom of the chain.
Feed the voltage across the 1Meg ...
2
A 1000:1 voltage divider night be better. Make sure your series resistor has an adequate voltage specification. If you don't want to buy high voltage resistors, then often what folks do is put several ordinary ones in series. You are unlikely to run your cap bank down too quickly with (say) 10 off 10Meg resistors in series.
With any cap bank, it's good ...
0
The voltage regulation is achieved by using the zener as more of a reference than a standalone regulator and as part of an overall feedback loop.
As the output starts to rise above the desired set point (about 33.7V), the base of the NPN will be pulled up (The zener will maintain about 33V across itself), causing the collector voltage to go down; this will, ...
0
The only purpose of the MIDI isolation is to prevent ground loops. In practice, there are not any large voltage difference. (Several cheap USB/MIDI interfaces do not have any isolation and connect the grounds together.)
These capacitors are intended to short high-frequency noise to ground. Their voltage rating depends on the induced noise voltage, i.e., it ...
2
The left side of the drawing says (twice!) 0.1 uF typical. I expect a 50 or 100 volt ceramic cap would be fine.
2
A capacitor on the AC side won't do what you seem to think it will do.
A capacitor will pass AC.
If you put a large capacitor across your AC source, it will in effect be a (near) short circuit - cue sparks and bangs and tripped circuit breakers.
If you put a large capacitor in series with your AC source, then still won't help. It will act like a ...
0
No.
As long as there is a potential difference across R1, current will flow through it and into C2. This capacitor will eventually charge up to the point where no current can flow through R1, which implies that the voltage at both ends of the resistor is the same (V=R*I, if R!=0 and I=0 then V=0).
At this point, your capacitor C1 sees the voltage V1 at ...
0
If the onchip oscillator is an NFET (grounded source) with current-source pullup, there is some power supply rejection, and having the two PI network caps attached to Ground should produce a cleaner (less jitter) XTAL oscillator.
If the oscillator has an Inverter (CMOS inverter) gain approach, which has poor PSRR to GND and to Rail, then cap attachment ...
4
Those two diodes perform a useful function when the external load is connected between the power supply outputs (this configuration doubles the voltage potential of the positive rail).
In this case, if the load becomes short circuit then the two outputs will fight each other, one will become dominant and in this situation the diodes prevent one of the ...
0
If you have alternating current 12.6vca for filaments, in order to supply a 6.3v filament, I firstly would try to put a diode 1N4001 in series with this filament to halve the rms value of the voltage applied to the filament. When I try this kind of things, I prefer firstly to try with an equivalent resistor to the filament, instead of the rare expensive or ...
-1
This is a typical connection for a 7805 IC Voltage regulator. Here, 7805 is used as a variable voltage regulator using the adjustable resistor \$R_2\$.
simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
The input capacitor is of \$0.1\text{ }\mu\text{F}\$ (MLCC i.e. ceramic disc) or \$1.0 \text{ }\mu \text{F}\$ solid tantalum capacitor. This ...
-1
It needs the capacitors because that's the way the 7805 has been designed.
When making an IC, transistors and resistors are very easy to integrate, capacitors of any significant value are much, much harder, so manufacturers can't use them internally.
Now if a regulator circuit was designed to run entirely without capacitance, it would be heavily ...
2
The simple answer is, the capacitors are not required as long as the input is a clean DC and/or the load does not demand strict transient regulation.
According to the datasheet, the two capacitors are required for the following reasons:
C(in) is required if regulator is located at an appreciable distance from power supply filter.
C(out) "improves" ...
6
Can a 7805 regulator be used without input/output capacitors
Short answer: YES ....but there are conditions
First you should read a datasheet for the regulator such as this one.
The datasheet clearly lays out:
If your DC in supply is not too far away (distance/length not specified) you don't need a capacitor on the input. If your input supply is a small ...
0
Capacitor is used for reducing voltage regulation. But if you have a good power source you may avoid the capacitors.
3
That has not really anything to do with the maximum current drawn. The 7805 just needs the 100nF at input AND at output to run stable. Without these capacitors there is a high probability of your output voltage to oscillate. Don't save on these two cheap components, in the end it will more likely cost you even more because of failed parts you have to replace....
0
Since your design has no 0V reference which by definition we call the ground symbol, Falstad has chosen a different reference when the switch to the right is closed.
On a floating circuit the currents are not affected by a single placement of the ground symbol, it only changes your relative voltages.
In my simulation I used >Options> other options< to ...
0
Run your simulation at maximum speed with 75% current speed. Observe the capacitor voltage. Your capacitor is so large and your 10K resistor is so large that after the capacitor charges up, it takes a long time for the capacitor to discharge and while it's discharging the current that if you run at slow speed you are perpetually stuck in a transient state ...
0
The voltage will drop at a rate of dV/dt = Ic/C and if current is limited by 1k then Ic (max) =V/R where a power interruption or switch to battery becomes worst case dV=V so the time constant for 64% voltage sag = RC=Tau = 10ms so a 1ms interruption is only 6% and less for a FET bridge.
Also any ripple > 1/RCf is attenuated by 20 dB/decade in f, which may ...
1
Section 14.1 of the datasheet tells you why - the supply is monitored to allow it to switch over to the backup battery if and when it fails, and needs to not fall by more than a specified rate, such that the monitor circuit has time to make the switch over before power is lost.
1
In DC power sources, you will see large capacitors in parallel with the output used to filter the DC voltage output.
In an "ideal" DC voltage source (like a fully charged car battery), putting capacitors in parallel with the battery terminals will initially change the total circuit current until the capacitor is fully charged wherein the current drawn by the ...
0
Plastic film caps of all kinds are the closest to an ideal cap in this size( except motor start-run caps ( which are designed for slightly higher ESR).
There are subtle differences but PP X-Y caps are about the best (exc. TEFLON $) for the parameters you mention and also the good choice for small value S&H , FOR touch screen reference caps and low ...
1
" Was there something done to enable them to be rated that would cause problems."
No.
"Are there any gotchas?"
Other than possibly enough inductance to affect performance, No.
Safety rated capacitors are more robust than equivalent film or ceramic unrated parts. They also are almost always larger and more expensive, especially in a low-voltage application. ...
4
Under DC conditions, the capacitor will be as fully charged as it will ever be.
That implies that the current through the capacitor has dropped to zero, so the current through the 5K resistor is also zero. So the voltage across the resistor is zero.
1
Linear regulators have stability requirements for the output capacitors, you can find the requirements in the datasheet. The ADP7104 datasheet specifies a minimum of 1µF effective capacitance and a maximum of 1R ESR. It's also quite common to have a minimum ESR as well, it really depends on the regulator circuitry and you have to check it in advance.
This ...
1
The evaluation board is for a very sensitive circuit, that needs an extremely clean power source.
The additional components form a low pass filter at the output of the regulator.
The inductor and the capacitor make a low pass filter with a cutoff frequency around 15kHz.
The small resistor is probably there because the ADP7104 probably requires that the ...
2
May as well add another approach based upon Chu's recommendation:
The standard form for a first order linear differential equation is:
$$\frac{\textrm{d}y}{\textrm{d}t} + P_x\cdot y = Q_x$$
If you can set things up like that, then your integrating factor (which is a nifty way to solve these) is:
$$\mu=e^{\int P_x\; \textrm{d}x}$$
Then then the solution ...
7
For a general input signal and a first order system, you may solve the differential equation via the integrating factor, \$\small (IF)\$, method* or the Laplace transform, amongst others. The analysis below uses the \$\small IF\$ method.
\$ ^*\$See edit, below, for an explanation of the integrating factor method.
Given the circuit you describe, the loop ...
13
Unfortunately, I have found no resource that discusses how to
mathematically model an RC circuit, were one to provide a linearly
increasing voltage source as an input.
This answer is all about converting the circuit to a transfer function in the frequency domain then multiplying that T.F. with the Laplace transform of the input to get the frequency ...
0
what you wrote as Vmax can be changed for your voltage that changes over time as long as it is not too much faster than the time constant of the capacitor it should give you a decent model.
If you want a more precise answer, you can Fourier/Laplace transform your input voltage and calculate the reactance for the capacitor at every frequency that you get, ...
0
For back-of-the-envelope calculations, your thought process is mostly correct. There's two improvements that you can make, though, one of which is actually easier on the math than yours.
Important note -- I'm doing all of this assuming that it's reasonable to charge a 10V cap to 10V. This actually isn't so. The general rule of thumb for electrolytics is ...
0
I think your "back of the envelope" estimate is reasonable.
For a series RC network with \$R=33\,\Omega\$ and \$C=1\,F\$, and initial voltage across the capacitor of \$V_C(t=0s)=10\,V\$, the voltage \$V_C\$ across the capacitor at any time \$t\ge0\,s\$ is given by:
$$
V_C(t) - V_F = \left( V_C(0)-V_F \right ) e^{-t/RC} \bigg\rvert_{V_F=0V}
$$
where \$V_F\...
2
Trimmer capacitors and low value fixed capacitors are not polarized, so won't have a "positive" indication.
0
The circuit from electroschematics is for a break detection circuit, and the 10uF cap is probably for a delay. The buzzer would sound when the infrared signal is lost (and a short delay from the cap). In the original schematic the detector is for a specific frequency (like 36kHz). When the 36kHz signal is detected, it brings its output high or low. The cap, ...
1
One other way to integrate signals worth mentioning is to set the window time to the period that you want to integrate and then ctrl+click on the signal (can even be resistance) and it will give you and average and RMS value for the window time.
1
Gain is determined by the ratio of the collector resistance (actually parallel combination of RL & RC) to the emitter resistance (RE + re).
Where re = 25mV/Ie.
With C3 in place, RE is shorted out as far as the signal is concerned and so the emitter resistance just equals re thereby increasing the gain substantially. RE then just has an effect on the DC ...
1
Just some extended comments and errors in your design.
ground plane adds more unwanted stray capacitance (to gnd) than coplanar tracks. Maybe <150 ppm lower f, if C is too high and <150 ppm high if C is too low.
no thermal solder pads for SMD and XTAL parts. Each pad should be a thermal island of heat when soldering so you do not have to heat up ...
3
If you follow the recommended oscillator circuit, a good quality active crystal should work with a load capacitance that's off a bit. The problem isn't that it won't oscillate at all, the problem is that it'll oscillate at the wrong frequency.
Looking at your layout your oscillation frequency may be extra sensitive to temperature variations because FR-4 is ...
0
Well the definition doesn't change with different circuits
The simplest form of resonance i can explain---
If a circuit is operated at resonance frequency
You: Hey source, what's connected across you ?
Source: Resistor
Let's say the circuit has arbitrary combination of resistors, capacitors and inductors and the circuit is operated at the ...
3
Here comes the commonly accepted definition for resonance:
The input-output relation (V-I, V-V, I-V or I-I) of a frequency-dependent circuit shows amplitude and phase relations which changes when the frequency is varying.
The frequency, where the phase difference between the two quantities is zero is defined as a "resonant point".
In some cases, this "...
7
Both of your examples commonly care about ESL and ESR of a capacitor. Along with many other examples like LDO output stability etc. I have done designs like this using Tantalum instead of ceramics for the exact reason. Stuff from China will most likely use Electrolytic ones to safe money.
There are still applications where the higher ESL and ESR of a ...
0
IN CONCEPT:
for any linear circuit there are signals that, when applied to the circuit, will get really really big as time goes on, For the normal type of circuits, any signal that has this property will be a sinusoidal type of wave, that has an exponentially falling envelope.
If you pretend that there exist ideal capacitors and inductors, then constant ...
1
Rewrote my answer because I suggested at first something already said and skipped questioner's demand of sinusoidal test signal.
Resonance = internal buildup of reactive power at certain frequency more than at the frequencies a little off. Some circuits can have several resonant frequencies.
In math there's complex conjugate pole or zero pairs in the one ...
-4
If you know how to calculate the resistance of a network of resistors - series, parallel, and converting a Y pattern to a Δ pattern and vice versa - and if you know how to calculate with complex numbers, the answer is easy.
The resistance of a resistor is R
The resistance of an inductor is iLf.
The resistance of a capacitor is -iC/f.
So for instance a ...
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