All opto-detection devices have a light frequency sensitivity profile.
However, they also all produce a single variable, e.g. voltage, resistance, or current depending on how it is configured. As such, it is impossible to tell what changed, the impinging light intensity, or the light's frequency.
What you are asking for is a chromatic light sensor. These do exist as equipment and rely on using prisms or lenses to "split" the light onto an array or line of light sensitive semiconductor devices or to focus a particular wavelength onto a single sensor.
However, the technology called "Foveon X3" uses a newer method to make a single spot on a silicon substrate sensitive to different wavelengths. However, unless someone else can find one, I know of no single "diode like" product that uses this technology. If you have a project in mind though, you may be able to use a Foveon X3 camera sensor.