No, you can't store an analog value as-is on a digital storage medium like an eeprom or an SD card.

You could do an analog-to-digital conversion (using an appropriate chip) to convert your analog to digital. For the next step, writing to an SD-card practically requires a processor. If you really don't want to use an MCU you would end up designing and building one yourself from simpler building blocks. That is an interesting educational project, about 0.5 man-year for a student who is good in both programming and electronics.

An EEPROM will be a bit easier to write the values, but reading the values to your PC would be more complicated. In the balance it would still be much easier than the DIY MCU, but still quite a project.

When you look around you everyone uses MCU's for almost all projects, inluding data logging. Guess why!

No, you can't store an analog value as-is on a digital storage medium like an eeprom or an SD card.

You could do an analog-to-digital conversion (using an appropriate chip) to convert your analog to digital. For the next step, writing to an SD-card practically requires a processor. If you really don't want to use an MCU you would end up designing and building one yourself from simpler building blocks. That is an interesting educational project, about 0.5 man-year for a student who is good in both programming and electronics.

An EEPROM will be a bit easier to write the values, but reading the values to your PC would be more complicated. In the balance it would still be much easier than the DIY MCU, but still quite a project.

When you look around you everyone uses MCU's for almost all projects, including data logging like you want. Guess why!