It's a bit like trying to fly a kite. If you imagine the signal as only a single line it will fly all over the place. If you have two lines you can control the flight without it wandering all over the place.
Now look at all the paths connected to power ground and signal and try to keep them close together like a pair of kite strings. Instead of a tail, we use capacitors across supply + ground near the part for low impedance or shielding of the signal with twisted pair or coax. If you can supply the power from the PC as well you might avoid the stray hum.
Now Infrared sensors are are also sensitive to 60Hz lights so a test of stray light sources might be useful. Since light emission is inversely squared proportional to the distance, you may also have to consider these factors of emitter power and distance. Daylight blocking filters are recommended and included as black plastic on some parts.
Without any engineering technical details from you, I can only give you fuzzy analogies of signal shielding and ground noise from separate sources and using close wire pairs instead of a single path to guide the signal.
If your system is powered by a floating charger chances are you don't actually have a ground connection. If this is the case, you can suppress a lot of stray noise by connecting the case to ground. This low impedance shunts the stray electric fields caused by magnetic and Switched mode power connected cables that may only be shielded on the AC side.
Consider the VGA port fastening screw and/or the Arduino supply to ground such as your LCD monitor VGA port ground screw or simply connect the laptop to a grounded LCD monitor via the grounded video cable.