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rotary encoder part void Rotary_Enc_Chk(void) { static uint32_t lastTick = 0; uint32_t currentTick = HAL_GetTick();

switch (encoderState) {
    case WAIT_FOR_A_LOW:
        if (HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROT_A_Pin) == GPIO_PIN_RESET) {
            if (HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROT_B_Pin) == GPIO_PIN_RESET) {
                encoderState = WAIT_FOR_B_LOW;
                lastTick = currentTick;
                
            } else {
                encoderState = WAIT_FOR_B_HIGH;
                lastTick = currentTick;
               
            }
        }
        break;

    case WAIT_FOR_B_LOW:
        if (HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROT_B_Pin) == GPIO_PIN_SET) {
            speed--;

           
            encoderState = WAIT_FOR_A_HIGH;
            rotChk = TRUE;
            lastTick = currentTick;
        } else if (currentTick - lastTick > 10) {
            
            encoderState = WAIT_FOR_A_LOW;
        }
        break;

    case WAIT_FOR_A_HIGH:
        if (HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROT_A_Pin) == GPIO_PIN_SET) {
            encoderState = WAIT_FOR_B_HIGH;
            lastTick = currentTick;
        } else if (currentTick - lastTick > 10) {
            
            encoderState = WAIT_FOR_A_LOW;

        }
        break;

    case WAIT_FOR_B_HIGH:
        if (HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, ROT_B_Pin) == GPIO_PIN_RESET) {
            speed++;
           
           
            encoderState = WAIT_FOR_A_LOW;
            lastTick = currentTick;
            // Set rotChk flag
            rotChk = TRUE;
        } else if (currentTick - lastTick > 10) {
            
            encoderState = WAIT_FOR_A_LOW;


        }
        break;
}

// Bound speed
if (speed < 0) speed = 0;

if (speed > 225) speed = 225;

}

void TM1637_DisplayDecimal(int v, int displaySeparator) { unsigned char digitArr[N_DISPLAYS]; for (int i = 0; i < N_DISPLAYS; ++i) { digitArr[i] = segmentMap[v % 10];

    if (i == 2 && displaySeparator)             //Code snippet for dot or display separator
    {
        digitArr[i] |= 1 << 7;
    }
    v /= 10;
}

if(digitArr[N_DISPLAYS - 1] == 0x3F)            //Code Snippet for MSB zeros to be off
{
    digitArr[N_DISPLAYS - 1] = 0x00;
    if(digitArr[N_DISPLAYS - 2] == 0x3F)
    {
        digitArr[N_DISPLAYS - 2] = 0x00;
    }
}

I'm working on a project where I need to generate a pulse with a desired frequency, which can be adjusted through three different modes. The modes are as follows:

Frequency remains the same.
Frequency is divided by 2.
Frequency is multiplied by 2.

The mode is selected using a switch(configured for external interrupt callback), and the pulse is generated using Timer 4(clock 48Mhz,prescalar 4800) in Output Compare mode with the "toggle on match" feature. The ARR (Auto-Reload Register) and CCR (Capture/Compare Register) values are set based on the output from a rotary encoder.

Has anyone encountered a similar issue? What could be the possible reasons for this behavior, and how can I address it?. `

while (1)
    {
        
        Rotary_Enc_Chk();

        if(rotChk == TRUE)
        {
            rotChk = FALSE;

            sprintf(txBuffer, "Speed: %d\n\r", speed);
            HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t*)txBuffer, strlen(txBuffer), 10);
            TM1637_DisplayDecimal(speed, 0);                                        
            if(speed > 0)
            {
                uint16_t freq = (10000 / (2 * xFactor * speed )) - 1;
                //uint16_t freq = speed;
                TIM14->ARR = freq;
                TIM14->CCR1 = freq;
                HAL_TIM_OC_Start(&htim14, TIM_CHANNEL_1);


            }
            else {
                sprintf(txBuffer, "Speed: %d\n\r", speed);
                HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t*)txBuffer, strlen(txBuffer), 10);
            }
        }

        if(modeChange == TRUE)
        {

            sprintf(txBuffer, "Mode: %d\n\r", speed);
            HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t*)txBuffer, strlen(txBuffer), 10);
            rotChk = TRUE;
            modeChange = FALSE;
            Mode_Check();
        }`







void HAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback(uint16_t GPIO_Pin)
{
    
    UNUSED(GPIO_Pin);

    if((GPIO_Pin == _2X_SEL_Pin) || (GPIO_Pin == X_2_SEL_Pin))
    {
        modeChange = TRUE;
    }


void Mode_Check(){
    if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA, _2X_SEL_Pin) == GPIO_PIN_RESET)
    {
        currMode = FAST_2X;
        xFactor = 2;
        All_Led_Off();
        Red_Led_On();
    }
    else if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA, X_2_SEL_Pin) == GPIO_PIN_RESET)
    {
        currMode = SLOW_X_2;
        xFactor = 0.5;
        All_Led_Off();
        Blue_Led_On();
    }
    else
    {
        currMode = MEDIUM_X;
        xFactor = 1;
        All_Led_Off();
        Green_Led_On();
    }
}

I'm working on a project where I need to generate a pulse with a desired frequency, which can be adjusted through three different modes. 

The modes are as follows:

• Frequency remains the same.
• Frequency is divided by 2.
• Frequency is multiplied by 2.

The mode is selected using a switch  (configured for external interrupt callback), and the pulse is generated using Timer 4  (clock 48 MHz, prescaler 4800) in Output Compare mode with the "toggle on match" feature. The ARR (Auto-Reload Register) and CCR (Capture/Compare Register) values are set based on the output from a rotary encoder.

Has anyone encountered a similar issue? What could be the possible reasons for this behavior, and how can I address it?

    while (1)
    {
        Rotary_Enc_Chk();

        if(rotChk == TRUE)
        {
            rotChk = FALSE;

            sprintf(txBuffer, "Speed: %d\n\r", speed);
            HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t*)txBuffer, strlen(txBuffer), 10);
            TM1637_DisplayDecimal(speed, 0);                                        
            if(speed > 0)
            {
                uint16_t freq = (10000 / (2 * xFactor * speed )) - 1;
                //uint16_t freq = speed;
                TIM14->ARR = freq;
                TIM14->CCR1 = freq;
                HAL_TIM_OC_Start(&htim14, TIM_CHANNEL_1);
            }
            else {
                sprintf(txBuffer, "Speed: %d\n\r", speed);
                HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t*)txBuffer, strlen(txBuffer), 10);
            }
        }

        if(modeChange == TRUE)
        {
            sprintf(txBuffer, "Mode: %d\n\r", speed);
            HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t*)txBuffer, strlen(txBuffer), 10);
            rotChk = TRUE;
            modeChange = FALSE;
            Mode_Check();
        }

void HAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback(uint16_t GPIO_Pin)
{
    UNUSED(GPIO_Pin);

    if((GPIO_Pin == _2X_SEL_Pin) || (GPIO_Pin == X_2_SEL_Pin))
    {
        modeChange = TRUE;
    }

void Mode_Check()
{
    if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA, _2X_SEL_Pin) == GPIO_PIN_RESET)
    {
        currMode = FAST_2X;
        xFactor = 2;
        All_Led_Off();
        Red_Led_On();
    }
    else if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA, X_2_SEL_Pin) == GPIO_PIN_RESET)
    {
        currMode = SLOW_X_2;
        xFactor = 0.5;
        All_Led_Off();
        Blue_Led_On();
    }
    else
    {
        currMode = MEDIUM_X;
        xFactor = 1;
        All_Led_Off();
        Green_Led_On();
    }
}

while (1) {

    Rotary_Enc_Chk();

    if(rotChk == TRUE)
    {
        rotChk = FALSE;

        sprintf(txBuffer, "Speed: %d\n\r", speed);
        HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t*)txBuffer, strlen(txBuffer), 10);
        TM1637_DisplayDecimal(speed, 0);                                        
        if(speed > 0)
        {
            uint16_t freq = (10000 / (2 * xFactor * speed )) - 1;
            //uint16_t freq = speed;
            TIM14->ARR = freq;
            TIM14->CCR1 = freq;
            HAL_TIM_OC_Start(&htim14, TIM_CHANNEL_1);


        }
        else {
            sprintf(txBuffer, "Speed: %d\n\r", speed);
            HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t*)txBuffer, strlen(txBuffer), 10);
        }
    }

    if(modeChange == TRUE)
    {

        sprintf(txBuffer, "Mode: %d\n\r", speed);
        HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t*)txBuffer, strlen(txBuffer), 10);
        rotChk = TRUE;
        modeChange = FALSE;
        Mode_Check();
    }`

void HAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback(uint16_t GPIO_Pin) {

UNUSED(GPIO_Pin);

if((GPIO_Pin == _2X_SEL_Pin) || (GPIO_Pin == X_2_SEL_Pin))
{
    modeChange = TRUE;
}

void Mode_Check(){ if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA, _2X_SEL_Pin) == GPIO_PIN_RESET) { currMode = FAST_2X; xFactor = 2; All_Led_Off(); Red_Led_On(); } else if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA, X_2_SEL_Pin) == GPIO_PIN_RESET) { currMode = SLOW_X_2; xFactor = 0.5; All_Led_Off(); Blue_Led_On(); } else { currMode = MEDIUM_X; xFactor = 1; All_Led_Off(); Green_Led_On(); } }

while (1)
    {
        
        Rotary_Enc_Chk();

        if(rotChk == TRUE)
        {
            rotChk = FALSE;

            sprintf(txBuffer, "Speed: %d\n\r", speed);
            HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t*)txBuffer, strlen(txBuffer), 10);
            TM1637_DisplayDecimal(speed, 0);                                        
            if(speed > 0)
            {
                uint16_t freq = (10000 / (2 * xFactor * speed )) - 1;
                //uint16_t freq = speed;
                TIM14->ARR = freq;
                TIM14->CCR1 = freq;
                HAL_TIM_OC_Start(&htim14, TIM_CHANNEL_1);


            }
            else {
                sprintf(txBuffer, "Speed: %d\n\r", speed);
                HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t*)txBuffer, strlen(txBuffer), 10);
            }
        }

        if(modeChange == TRUE)
        {

            sprintf(txBuffer, "Mode: %d\n\r", speed);
            HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t*)txBuffer, strlen(txBuffer), 10);
            rotChk = TRUE;
            modeChange = FALSE;
            Mode_Check();
        }`







void HAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback(uint16_t GPIO_Pin)
{
    
    UNUSED(GPIO_Pin);

    if((GPIO_Pin == _2X_SEL_Pin) || (GPIO_Pin == X_2_SEL_Pin))
    {
        modeChange = TRUE;
    }


void Mode_Check(){
    if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA, _2X_SEL_Pin) == GPIO_PIN_RESET)
    {
        currMode = FAST_2X;
        xFactor = 2;
        All_Led_Off();
        Red_Led_On();
    }
    else if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA, X_2_SEL_Pin) == GPIO_PIN_RESET)
    {
        currMode = SLOW_X_2;
        xFactor = 0.5;
        All_Led_Off();
        Blue_Led_On();
    }
    else
    {
        currMode = MEDIUM_X;
        xFactor = 1;
        All_Led_Off();
        Green_Led_On();
    }
}