I am taking my first Engineering Electronics class, Engineering Circuits I. I seem to be understanding it, but this one example confuses me somewhat.

The simplest manifestation of Ohm's Law (V=IR) the circuit that consists of a single loop with one load and one fixed voltage source, vaguely makes sense given how I haven't had a chemical/quantum explanation of electron actions.

However, at first was assuming that the electrons coming off a 12 Volt Battery have more potential energy than a 6 Volt battery for example, because voltage is defined as joules per columb - and a columb is a fixed number of electrons.

Then we had this problem. Mathematically, with Kirchoff's law, it makes total sense.

^{simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab}

The problem is to determine the total voltage coming off the battery, with the internal resistance of .1 Ohms. Because the battery/alternator form a closed surface Kirchhoff's law applies and we have: $$V = 12+ [(i_b ).1 Ω]$$

But we know nothing about the potential energy of the electrons coming off of the Alternator, so this suggests that my "theory" might be wrong.

Could someone please be kind enought to explain this?

I am taking my first Engineering Electronics class, Engineering Circuits I. I seem to be understanding it, but this one example confuses me somewhat.

The simplest manifestation of Ohm's Law (V=IR) the circuit that consists of a single loop with one load and one fixed voltage source, vaguely makes sense given how I haven't had a chemical/quantum explanation of electron actions.

However, at first was assuming that the electrons coming off a 12 Volt Battery have more potential energy than a 6 Volt battery for example, because voltage is defined as joules per columb - and a columb is a fixed number of electrons.

Then we had this problem. Mathematically, with Kirchoff's law, it makes total sense.

^{simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab}

The problem is to determine the total voltage coming off the battery, with the internal resistance of .1 Ohms. Because the battery/alternator form a closed surface Kirchhoff's law applies and we have: $$V = 12+ [(i_b ).1 Ω]$$

But we know nothing about the potential energy of the electrons coming off of the Alternator, so this suggests that my "theory" might be wrong.

Could someone please be kind enought to explain this?