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Dec 18, 2013 at 16:57 comment added amadeus @sherrellbc: transistors only allow that the base goes a few volts (about 5V) below the emitter, which is at ground level (0V). If the input levels are RS-232, then that's either +12V or -12V. The 12V on the base will destroy the transistor, no matter how high the collector voltage can be.
Dec 18, 2013 at 16:28 comment added sherrellbc The application of the zener diodes make good sense in this context; they are essentially providing a basic design for voltage level shifting. However, consulting the datasheet for one of the transistor models given in the schematic informs that a maximum collector-base voltage upwards of 80V is allowed, so I am not too sure a diode would be required to protect against dangerous voltage levels.
Dec 18, 2013 at 16:23 history answered amadeus CC BY-SA 3.0