If you realy had to use the device you show as an amplifier (although it would not be suitable) you could tap the single + output to feed into a dummy load of say 8 Ohms, and to your analogue input of the MCU, as long as you also connect the - amp ouput to an 8 Ohm dummy load. The problem is that the device you show is not really suitable for microphones. Instead what you're after is more like a microphone amplifier that will provide the required gain you need and possibly other features like AGC etc.
A simple op-amp with suitable gain (say 40 dB) may work very well and its cheap but you may also consider more features than available with simple op-amps, such as with these devices. Other vendors will have similar dedicated analogue gain blocks for microphones all in one package ... Good luck !