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A device which includes a central processing unit (CPU), memory, and (generally) an assortment of I/O peripherals (UART, ADC, DAC, general-purpose I/O, I2C, etc.) in a tightly-coupled standalone package.

5 votes

Simple hash function to implement on a microcontroller

Therefore we try to provide special implementations which respect the extreme limited resources of microcontroller applications. … Blake BlueMidnightWish Grøstl MD5 SHA-256 SHA-1 SHA-3 (Keccak) SHABAL Skein Twister Whirlpool You can access the full code through their Subversion repository at http://das-labor.org/svn/microcontroller
Rev's user avatar
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4 votes

What is output impedance of a pin?

Simplified, its just the internal resistance of the output. An equivalent circuit would be just a resistor in series with the sourcing output pin. Any non-ideal source has some (parasitic/unwanted …
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49 votes
Accepted

Microcontroller shelf life

Actually, I found an interesting document from TI: Component Reliability After Long Term Storage). I will just quote some interesting parts here: Each year the semiconductor industry routes a …
Rev's user avatar
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5 votes

Xmega Port Read/Write

I just assume at this point that you are using C. I suggest you read Atmels application notes AVR1000, AVR1313 and refer to the XMEGA datasheet of course. Port access for XMEGA is pretty easy compar …
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1 vote

Can we sample two signals simultaneously using the ADC (analog to digital) of AVR mircocontr...

The AVR XMEGA-A series can sample several signals in parallel. Read AVR1300 for more information. From my understanding you can sample 2 values with only 1 ADC clock cycle delay, which isn't simultane …
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1 vote

How do I take input from the joystick on the AVR butterfly development board?

Checking while (PINB == 1) {...} is probably not what you want. PINB refers to the 8 bit register for the whole port B. If you want to check the state of a specific pin you have to mask it like t …
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1 vote

Why do we send some dummy data before sending any command to a microSD card?

Some SD cards require extra clock cycles to prepare for the next command. Sending one-byte dummy data is effectively giving the card eight cycles. But it's more common to wait for a not-busy response …
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0 votes

What is the UART TX interrupt for?

Another use case is when you connect the UART to another communication interface like RS485. The controller has to release the bus driver as soon as the last bit has been shifted out of the TX buffer. …
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48 votes
5 answers
10k views

Microcontroller shelf life

TLDR: Should we be concerned about buying a 10-year-old microcontroller? …
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5 votes

Bluetooth module throughput / UART baud rate? How fast is it?

Data rate / throughput Speaking of Bluetooth, there is a big difference between "Data Rate" (1MBit/s) and actual "Throughput" (which can be only 1/10 of that). Data transfer only happens during period …
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4 votes

Using volatile in embedded C development

"Global variable that changes directly from the hardware" Just because the value is coming from some hardware ADC register, doesn't mean that it is "directly" changed by hardware. In your examp …
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3 votes
Accepted

How can a slave device (microcontroller) communicate with a master device (Raspberry Pi) in ...

Polling is a very common way, if you need to periodically update data from a slave device anyway. As you already mentioned, you can also have a slave signal the master, when new data is ready. The adv …
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3 votes

How to interface my embedded system to a piece of .net software?

This may not be the typical engineering question, but interfacing with an embedded system is a common task and many people may consider using .NET on the PC side to achieve this. Well, if you want to …
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8 votes
Accepted

Software delay vs hardware timers

By hardware delays I meant 'Timers'. The advantage of using timers to realize a delay is that they provide a way to allow async counting. Using a "Software delay" you force the controller to put …
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7 votes

Hyper terminal equivalent in windows 8

HTerm is a gem! I highly recommend you give it a try. While not being a pure terminal, it supports some nice features like (optional) concurrent display of Ascii, Hex, Dec and Bin. Its very straightfo …
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