What are the filaments inside a bulbs such as:
What is the circuit?
Are there capacitors or resistors involved?
(LEDs normally drop 0.7V, not 230V. Typically, they are powered from DC, not AC. It would be very inefficient to drop the remaining 229.3V through a resistor, and a heat sink would be required, which I do not observe on these bulbs.)
How do LED light bulbs work?How do LED light bulbs work? mentions the presence of a heat sink, which these bulbs do not have. These bulbs also seem to have no space for electronic components.