RM0008 is the Reference Manual for five different families of STM32F, specifically "STM32F101xx, STM32F102xx, STM32F103xx, STM32F105xx and STM32F107xx"
It explains the features of all of the different peripherals on those families of parts. It is not definitive on the combinations of peripherals on any specific part.
The exact combination of peripherals for any part is given in the parts datasheet.
On page 10 of the STM32F103x*/STM32F103xB datasheet, there is "Table 2. STM32F103xx medium-density device features and peripheral counts".
Table 2 enumerates every peripheral on each unique part defined in the datasheet.
The basic rule is, for identical peripherals, the numbering of the peripherals starts at the first available peripheral. This is made more complex by using the name 'TIMn' for several distinctly different types of timer. RM0008 is slightly helpful because the title of each timer peripheral's chapter gives the names of the timers it apples to.
Table 2 shows STM32F103x8 and STM32F103xB have exactly the same set of peripherals. As Tut explained Table 4 identifies which timers are available, and their names. The datasheets for more recent STM32F families usually have that table for timers somewhere in the datasheet.
When I am comparing STM32 devices, I start with Table 2 in each datasheet. That seems to be reliable.
However simply knowing that a device has a peripheral is not enough. It is common for peripherals to be available on more than one group of pins. But it is possible, on parts with a small number of pins, that all of the peripherals I need are not all available on pins. It is possible that their is enough conflict between peripherals for pins that some peripherals can not be fully connected to the outside world.
When I am designing something, I compile a table of pins vs peripherals in a spreadsheet. Then I can check to see that everything I need is available.
ST do provide a tool called STM32CubeMX which claims to help select and configure peripherals. I haven't used it, but it might help make it clearer which peripherals are on board, and which features are available on pins.
However STM32F1 are not currently supported by STM32CubeMX.