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With a JFET, its resistance will not only depend on the gate voltage, but also on the output voltage, which will obviously lead to terribly lots of distortion. A much better representation of a analog …

The exact behavior will depend on how the output stage is implemented. Opamps use a Class AB type output, so current is running through it when there is no output current. An ideal Class AB stage woul …

The difference in your two circuits is the following: The op-amp controls its output to be an exact replica of the input (amplified) until it reaches its output current limit. In the first circuit you …

Layout is good. But: I would make the left side of Rc3 the guard node, so you have a series resistor (Rc3) in there to control resonances. You should add a cap in series with Rb3, or otherwise your g …

If 6 transistors is the bare maximum, it becomes a kind of codegolf challenge to obtain the most "opamp-like" behavior possible. I'd use them as follows: (all polarities can be flipped of course) 2 N …

Yes that works well. I do the same often. Instead of the series resistor (which strongly impacts regulation as you noticed), one can place a parallel snubber, to make the opamp stable despite the capa …

Circuit 1 is easier to set the gain, you only need 4 precision resistors. Circuit 1 also needs fewer resistors in total. Both circuits are identical in terms of CMRR and input impedance. Circuit 2 (in …

I'm sure other answers can give a fuller picture, but here is a short intuitive assessment. The output stage is a common-source stage with high voltage gain. The capacitor shorts this stage at high fr …

The schematic was manipulated (INA186 was pasted in place of the original IC name) and it doesn't make any sense now, as the INA186 doesn't really correspond to the drawn schematic. Let's assume that …

Strictly speaking these specs are indeed irrelevant. BUT: You need very small input bias current, because this current will charge the feedback capacitance and affect the actual charge input measureme …

These headroom figures are constant. The internal circuit keeps the biasing currents pretty constant (as shown below) and, as a result, the common-mode range does not scale with the supply voltage ran …

Low noise single-ended amplifiers often go by the name pre-amplifier in the low-frequency world. The www holds many rabbit holes worth of literature. They are usually just used as another amplificatio …

Noise in such amplifiers is a small signal disturbance, so we can consider the response to be linear and the noise histogram to be symmetric. Furthermore, due to a multitude of individual physical pro …

It is important to keep the currents below abs. max. ratings. The max. input voltage ratings of op-amps are not quite so important, but redundant. Adhering to the input current ratings, by means of cu …

If you shop for op-amps, you can expect that the open loop game is very high which let's you make some simplifying assumption for circuit design (see post by LvW). Still, it is unlikely that the exact …