Switch matrix activating more than 1 row at the same time

Question

I'm new to electronics and I am working on a 3x3 switch matrix prototype using an Arduino UNO. I created a simple circuit using TinkerCAD but it seems that whenever I press a button, the susbequent rows are activated instead. Example, if I press the button in Row 0, Col 0, then the matrix will activate Row 1, Col 0 and and Row 2, Col 0.

I was watching a tutorial on how switch matrices work, and the way I understand it is that I want to set each row to HIGH one by one, and check each column in that row to determine if it has been pressed or not. I'm not sure where the issue lies, any help would be greatly appreciated!

Video Demonstration

Circuit Diagram

Here is the code:

const byte rowCount = 3;
const byte colCount = 3;

byte rows[rowCount] = {13,12,11};
byte cols[colCount] = {10,9,8};

char keys[3][3] = {
  {'A', 'B', 'C'},
  {'D', 'E', 'F'},
  {'G', 'H', 'I'}
};

void setup() 
{
  Serial.begin(115200);
  
  // setting up outputs
  for(int i = 0; i < rowCount; i++)
  {
    pinMode(rows[i], OUTPUT);
    Serial.print(rows[i]);
    Serial.println(" as OUTPUT");
  }
  
  // setting up inputs
  for(int i = 0; i < colCount; i++)
  {
    pinMode(cols[i], INPUT_PULLUP);
    Serial.print(cols[i]);
    Serial.println(" as INPUT_PULLUP");
  }
}

void loop() 
{
  for(int i = 0; i < rowCount; i++)
  {
    digitalWrite(rows[i], HIGH);
    
    if(digitalRead(cols[0]) == LOW)
    {
      Serial.println(keys[i][0]);
    }
    else if(digitalRead(cols[1]) == LOW)
    {
      Serial.println(keys[i][1]);
    }
    else if(digitalRead(cols[2]) == LOW)
    {
      Serial.println(keys[i][2]);
    }
    
    digitalWrite(rows[i], LOW);
  }
}

UPDATE: Thanks to Frog, I was able to fix the problem. Here is an updated diagram and updated code. I tested this with the Keypad library as well and it seems to be working.

Updated Circuit Diagram

Updated Code Pastebin

Answer 1

Given that you’re using pull-ups you want to drive the outputs low rather than high to activate them. With no buttons pressed you’d see all high inputs. You’re currently setting an output high but testing for a low input.