Open circuit resistance in common gate amplifier

Question

I am reading about common gate amplifier on this page and there is a small signal model that I am a bit confused.

The common gate amplifier and its small signal model is shown below.

As you can see there is an open circuit resistance \$r_{oc}\$ at the output of the small signal model.

Could anyone tell me where does this resistor come from?

Answer 1

Here they have defined as the internal resistance of current source.

As in the circuit g_mb and r₀ is already included to capture the effect of parasitic and body-bias. So this can have a chance. But still, I am not sure whether these two documents are following the same notation.

Answer 2

Yes it is very uncommon to have such a resistor, at least as far as I know. One intuitive reason could be because since the bulk is connected to V- in general there is a very small current flowing from the drain to the bulk instead of the the source. But this current is very small. This could be referenced by that resistor (if you notice,the resistor is between the drain and the V- which is where the bulk is also connected to). I suggest you to refer other sources such as Behzad Razavi which is also available online.

Answer 3

Edit: as user "Virange" suggested, the \$r_{oc}\$ resistor probably represents the internal resistance of the current source marked as \$i_{SUP}\$.

While there is indeed, as user "Bhuvanesh N" indicated, a very small leakage from the body/bulk to the drain and the source terminals, \$r_{oc}\$ can't represent this leakage, as this leakage is absolutely meaningless for the small signal equivalent circuit.

The leakage current is essentially the leakage current of a reverse-biased diode - the diode's P being the bulk of the FET, and the diode's N being the FET's source, drain, and n-channel. While one might want to take this leakage current into consideration while solving the DC-equivalent circuit, its effects are completely negligible for the small-signal model.

What is relevant for the small-signal model is the body effect. The body effect means \$V_{SB}\$ changes \$V_{TH}\$, and therefore \$I_{DS}\$. In this specific circuit, the input signal changes \$V_{SB}\$, which introduces another effect on the amplified signal via body effect.

In the small-signal model circuit provided in the question, \$r_{o}\$ represents the channel length modulation (due to \$V_{DS}\$ changes), and the body effect (due to \$V_{SB}\$ changes) is repesented by the controlled current source marked as \$-g_{mb}v_s\$.